Patrick Brose

Research Forester

PO Box 267
Irvine, PA 16329

Phone: 814-563-1040

Research
Education
and Experience
Organizations
and Awards
Publications
and Products

Current Research

My current research emphasis is on the oak regeneration problem. I am responsible for five separate studies. They are:

root development of oak seedlings growing in shelterwood stands,
esponse of mountain laurel to chemical, cultural, and mechanical control practices,
uantifying fuel loadings and fire behavior in oak forests,
esponse of northern red oak seedlings to forest liming, and
dendroecology of xeric oak – pine forests.

Research Interests

Given the intractable nature of the oak regeneration problem, I?ll likely be engaged in oak research for quite some time.

Why This Research is Important

Oak forests are the dominant forest type in much of the eastern United States yet they face a myriad of problems that prevent their regeneration. My research addresses several of those regeneration obstacles and my results help foresters be better stewards of oak forests

Education

Ph.D. in Forest Resources: Clemson University
M.S. in Forest Resources: Pennsylvania State University
B.S. in Forest Resources: Utah State University

Professional Organizations

Society of American Foresters (SAF), (1988—Present)
American Chestnut Foundation, (2000—Present)

Featured Publications and Products

Brose, Patrick; Rebbeck, Joanne. 2017. A comparison of the survival and development of the seedlings of four upland oak species grown in four different understory light environments.
Brose, Patrick H. 2011. A comparison of the effects of different shelterwood harvest methods on the survival and growth of acorn-origin oak seedlings.
Miller, Gary W.; Brose, Patrick H.; Gottschalk, Kurt W. 2017. Advanced Oak Seedling Development as Influenced by Shelterwood Treatments, Competition Control, Deer Fencing, and Prescribed Fire.
Brose, Patrick H. 2016. Origin, development, and impact of mountain laurel thickets on the mixed-oak forests of the central Appalachian Mountains, USA.
Brose, Patrick H. 2017. An evaluation of seven methods for controlling mountain laurel thickets in the mixed-oak forests of the central Appalachian Mountains, USA.
Brose, Patrick H.; Dey, Daniel C.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2014. The fire—oak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines.
Brose, Patrick H.; Dey, Daniel C.; Phillips, Ross J.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2013. A meta-analysis of the fire-oak hypothesis: Does prescribed burning promote oak reproduction in eastern North America.
Brose, Patrick H.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Horsley, Stephen B.; Knopp, Peter D.; Kochenderfer, James N.; McGuinness, Barbara J.; Miller, Gary W.; Ristau, Todd E.; Stoleson, Scott H.; Stout, Susan L. 2008. Prescribing regeneration treatments for mixed-oak forests in the Mid-Atlantic region.

Publications

Marschall, Joseph M.; Stambaugh, Michael C.; Abadir, Erin R.; Dey, Daniel C.; Brose, Patrick H.; Bearer, Scott L.; Jones, Benjamin C. 2022. Pre-Columbian red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) fire regimes of north-central Pennsylvania, USA.
Brose, Patrick ; Hille, Andrea . 2020. Evaluating the applicability of the shelterwood-burn technique for regenerating the mixed-oak forests of the Allegheny National Forest.
Brose, Patrick H.; Miller, Gary W. 2019. A comparison of three foliar-applied herbicides for controlling mountain laurel thickets in the mixed-oak forests of the central Appalachian Mountains, USA.
Pile, Lauren ; Rebbeck, Joanne ; Brose, Patrick ; Long, Robert P. 2019. Black and Chestnut Oak Seedling Response to Glaciated Soil: Implications for Northward Expansion in Response to Climate Warming.
Brose, Patrick H. 2019. Expanding the SILVAH decision support system to be applicable to the mixed-oak forests of the mid-Atlantic region.
Stout, Susan L.; Brose, Patrick H.; Cleveland, Helene ; Long, Robert P.; McGuinness, Barbara ; Peters, Matthew P.; Rebbeck, Joanne ; Ristau, Todd ; Royo, Alejandro A.; Stoleson, Scott H.; Thomasma, Scott ; Twery, Mark J.; Wurzbacher, Sarah . 2019. Fifty years of science-management cooperation from the SILVAH community of practice.
Stambaugh, Michael C.; Marschall, Joseph M.; Abadir, Erin R.; Jones, Benjamin C.; Brose, Patrick H.; Dey, Daniel C.; Guyette, Richard P. 2019. Successful hard pine regeneration and survival through repeated burning: An applied historical ecology approach.
Brose, Patrick H.; Hutchinson, Todd F. 2019. The fundamentals of release burning in mixed oak forests with emphasis on the shelterwood-burn technique.
McWilliams, William H.; Westfall, James A.; Brose, Patrick H.; Dey, Daniel C.; D'Amato, Anthony W.; Dickinson, Yvette L.; Fajvan, Mary Ann; Kenefic, Laura S.; Kern, Christel C.; Laustsen, Kenneth M.; Lehman, Shawn L.; Morin, Randall S.; Ristau, Todd E.; Royo, Alejandro A.; Stoltman, Andrew M.; Stout, Susan L. 2018. Subcontinental-scale patterns of large-ungulate herbivory and synoptic review of restoration management implications for midwestern and northeastern forests.
Stambaugh, Michael C.; Marschall, Joseph M.; Abadir, Erin R.; Jones, Benjamin C.; Brose, Patrick H.; Dey, Daniel C.; Guyette, Richard P. 2018. Wave of fire: an anthropogenic signal in historical fire regimes across central Pennsylvania, USA.
McWilliams, William H.; Westfall, James A.; Brose, Patrick H.; Lehman, Shawn L.; Morin, Randall S.; Ristau, Todd E.; Royo, Alejandro A.; Stout, Susan L. 2017. After 25 years, what does the Pennsylvania Regeneration Study tell us about oak/hickory forests under stress?.
Brose, Patrick H. 2017. An evaluation of hardwood fuel models for planning prescribed fires in oak shelterwood stands.
Brose, Patrick. 2017. Characteristics, histories, and future succession of northern Pinus pugens stands.
Brose, Patrick H. 2016. Consumption and reaccumulation of forest fuels in oak shelterwood stands managed with prescribed fire.
Miller, Gary W.; Brose, Patrick H.; Kochenderfer, Jeffrey D.; Kochenderfer, James N.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Denning, John R. 2016. Field test of foliar-spray herbicides to control mountain laurel in mature mixed-oak forests in western Maryland.
Marschall, Joseph; Stambaugh, Michael; Jones, Benjamin; Guyette, Richard; Brose, Patrick; Dey, Daniel C. 2016. Fire regimes of remnant pitch pine communities in the Ridge and Valley Region of central Pennsylvania, USA. Forests.
McWilliams, William H.; Westfall, James A.; Brose, Patrick H.; Dey, Daniel C.; Hatfield, Mark; Johnson, Katherine; Laustsen, Kenneth M.; Lehman, Shawn L.; Morin, Randall S.; Nelson, Mark D.; Ristau, Todd E.; Royo, Alejandro A.; Stout, Susan L.; Willard, Thomas; Woodall, Christopher W. 2015. A regeneration indicator for Forest Inventory and Analysis: history, sampling, estimation, analytics, and potential use in the midwest and northeast United States.
Brose, Patrick H.; Guyette, Richard P.; Marschall, Joseph M.; Stambaugh, Michael C. 2015. Fire history reflects human history in the Pine Creek Gorge of north-central Pennsylvania.
Brose, Patrick H. 2014. Development of prescribed fire as a silvicultural tool for the upland oak forests of the eastern United States.
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2014. Making sense out of confusion: a review of fire-oak paper published in the past 50 years.
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2014. Making sense out of confusion: a review of fire-oak papers published in the past 50 years.
Stout, Susan L.; Brose, Patrick H. 2014. SILVAH: managers and scientists work together to improve research and management.
Stout, Susan L; Brose, Patrick H. 2014. SILVAH: managers and scientists working together to improve research and management.
Stout, Susan L.; Brose, Patrick H. 2014. The SILVAH saga: 40+ years of collaborative hardwood research and management highlight silviculture.
Brose, Patrick H. 2013. Post-harvest prescribed burning of oak stands: an alternative to the shelterwood-burn technique?.
Brose, Patrick H.; Dey, Daniel C.; Guyette, Richard P.; Marschall, Joseph M.; Stambaugh, Michael C. 2013. The influences of drought and humans on the fire regimes of northern Pennsylvania, USA.
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2012. Canopy accession patterns of table mountain and pitch pines during the 19th and 20th centuries.
Heggenstaller, Daniel J.; Zenner, Eric K.; Brose, Patrick H.; Peck, Jerilynn E. 2012. How much older are Appalachian oaks below-ground than above-ground?.
Zenner, Eric K.; Heggenstaller, Daniel J.; Brose, Patrick H.; Peck, JeriLynn E.; Steiner, Kim C. 2012. Reconstructing the competitive dynamics of mixed-oak neighborhoods.
Long, Robert P.; Brose, Patrick H.; Horsley, Stephen B. 2012. Responses of northern red oak seedlings to lime and deer exclosure fencing in Pennsylvania.
Brose, Patrick. 2011. Fate of the 2001 acorn crop at Clear Creek State Forest, Pennsylvania.
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A.; Mohr, Helen H. 2010. A comparison of northern and southern table mountain pine stands.
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2010. A dendrochronological analysis of a disturbance-succession model for oak-pine forests of the Appalachian Mountains, USA.
Dey, Daniel C.; Royo, Alejandro A.; Brose, Patrick H.; Hutchinson, Todd F.; Spetich, Martin A.; Stoleson, Scott H. 2010. An ecologically based approach to oak silviculture: a synthesis of 50 years of oak ecosystem research in North America.
Stottlemeyer, Aaron D.; Wang, G. Geoff; Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2010. Energy content in dried leaf litter of some oaks and mixed mesophytic species that replace oaks.
Brose, Patrick H. 2010. Long-term effects of single prescribed fires on hardwood regeneration in oak shelterwood stands.
Huebner, Cynthia D.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Miller, Gary W.; Brose, Patrick H. 2010. Restoration of three forest herbs in the Liliaceae family by manipulating deer herbivory and overstorey and understorey vegetation.
Brose, Patrick H. 2009. Photo guide for estimating fuel loading and fire behavior in mixed-oak forests of the Mid-Atlantic Region.
Brose, Patrick H. 2009. Photo guide for estimating risk to hardwood trees during prescribed burning operations in eastern oak forests.
Brose, Patrick. 2009. Prescribed fire research in Pennsylvania.
Brose, Patrick H. 2008. Root development of acorn-origin oak seedlings in shelterwood stands on the Appalachian Plateau of northern Pennsylvania: 4-year results.
Brose, Patrick H. 2007. Development of interim oak assessment guidelines for the silvah decision-support system.
Brose, Patrick H.; Miller, Gary W.; Gottschalk, Kurt W. 2007. Reintroducing fire to the oak forests of Pennsylvania: response of striped maple.
Stout, Susan L.; Brose, Pat; Gottschalk, Kurt; Miller, Gary; Knopp, Pete; Rutherford, Gary; Deibler, Mark; Frank, Gary; Gilmore, Gary. 2007. SILVAH-OAK: ensuring adoption by engaging users in the full cycle of forest research.
Brose, Patrick H.; Miller, Gary W.; Gottschalk, Kurt W. 2007. Survival of striped maple following spring prescribed fires in pennsylvania.
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2006. Changes in the disturbance regime of upland yellow pine stands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains during the 20^th century.
Lanham, J. Drew; Brose, Patrick H.; Keyser, Patrick D. 2006. Conservation implications for neotropical migratory and game birds in oak-hardwood stands managed with shelterwood harvests and prescribed fire.
Waldrop, Thomas A.; Mohr, Helen H.; Brose, Patrick H. 2006. Early dynamics of table mountain pine stands following stand-replacement prescribed fires of varying intensity.
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2006. Fire and the orgin of the Table Mountain pine - pitch pine communities in the southern Appalachian mountains, USA.
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2006. Fire and the origin of Table Mountain pine - pitch pine communities in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA.
Ward, Jeffrey S.; Brose , Patrick H. 2006. Influence of prescribed fire on stem girdling and mortality.
Waldrop, Thomas A.; Brudnak, Lucy; Phillips, Ross J.; Brose, Patrick H. 2006. Research efforts on fuels, fuel models, and fire behavior in eastern hardwood forests.
Brose, Patrick H.; Schuler, Thomas M.; Ward, Jeffrey S. 2006. Responses of oak and other hardwood regeneration to prescribed fire: what we know as of 2005.
McWilliams, William H.; Bowersox, Todd W.; Brose, Patrick H.; Devlin, Daniel A.; Finley, James C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Horsley, Steve; King, Susan L.; LaPoint, Brian M.; Lister, Tonya W.; McCormick, Larry H.; Miller, Gary W.; Scott, Charles T.; Steele, Harry; Steiner, Kim C.; Stout, Susan L.; Westfall, James A.; White , Robert L. 2005. Measuring Tree Seedlings and Associated Understory Vegetation in Pennsylvania's Forests.
Schuler, Thomas M.; Brose, Patrick; White, Robert L.; White, Robert L. 2005. Residual overstory density affects survival and growth of sheltered oak seedlings on the Allegheny Plateau.
Brose, Patrick. 2004. Fitting Fire into Oak Management.
McWilliams, William H.; Bowersox, Todd W.; Brose, Patrick H.; Devlin, Daniel A.; Finley, James C.; Horsley, Steve; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Lister, Tonya W.; McCormick, Larry H.; Miller, Gary W.; Steiner, Kim C.; Stout, Susan L.; Westfall, James A.; White, Robert L. 2004. Indicators of regenerative capacity for eastern hardwood forests.
Brose, Patrick; Schuler, Thomas; Ward, Jeffrey. 2004. Integrating Prescribed Fire into Management of Mixed-oak Forests of the Mid-Atlantic Region: Developing Basic Fire Behavior and Fuels Information for the SILVAH System.
Ward, Jeffrey S.; Brose, Patrick H. 2004. Mortality, Survival, and Growth of Individual Stems After Prescribed Burning in Recent Hardwood Clearcuts.
Keyser, Patrick D.; Sausville, David J.; Ford, W. Mark; Schwab, Donald J.; Brose, Partick H. 2004. Prescribed Fire Impacts to Amphibians and Reptiles in Shelterwood-harvested Oak-dominated Forests.
Brose, Patrick; Van Lear, David. 2004. Survival of Hardwood Regeneration During Prescribed Fires: The Importance of Root Development and Root Collar Location.
Brose, Patrick. 2004. Understanding Early Height Growth of Oak Regeneration Following Seasonal Prescribed Fires.
Waldrop, Thomas A.; Brose, Patrick H.; Welch, Nicole Turrill; Mohr, Helen H.; Gray, Ellen A.; Tainter, Frank H.; Ellis, Lisa E. 2003. Are Crown Fires Necessary For Table Mountain Pine?.
McWilliams, William H.; Bowersox, Todd W.; Brose, Patrick H.; Devlin, Daniel A.; Finley, James C.; Horsley, Steve; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; King, Susan L.; Lister, Tonya W.; McCormick, Larry H.; Miller, Gary W.; Scott, Charles T.; Steiner, Kim C.; Stout, Susan L.; Westfall, James A.; White, Robert L. 2003. Indicators of regenerative capacity for native broadleaf forests: a case study of ungulate overpopulation in the Eastern United States.
Brose, Patrick; Van Lear, David. 2003. Mortality trends and traits of hardwood advance regeneration following seasonal prescribed fires.
Brose, Patrick; Stout, Susan; Miller, Gary; Gottschalk, Kurt. 2003. SILVAH 5.1: developing interim guidelines for managing oak in Pennsylvania through multi-agency cooperation.
Waldrop, Thomas A.; Brose, Patrick H.; Welch, Nicole Turrill; Mohr, Helen H.; Gray, Ellen A.; Tainter, Frank H.; Ellis, Lisa E. 2002. High-Intensity Fires May Be Unnecessary For Stand Replacement Of Table Mountain Pine: An Overview Of Current Research.
Lanham, J. Drew; Keyser, Patrick D.; Brose, Patrick H.; Van Lear, David H. 2002. Management options for songbirds using the oak shelterwood-burn technique in upland forests of the Southeastern United States.
Brose, Patrick; Wade, Dale. 2002. Potential fire behavior in pine flatwood forests following three different fuel reduction techniques.
Brose, Patrick H.; Tainter, Frank; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2002. Regeneration History of Three Table Mountain Pine/Pitch Pine Stands in Northern Georgia.
Brose, Patrick H.; Wade, Dale. 2002. Understory Herbicide as a Treatment For Reducing Hazardous Fuels and Extreme Fire Behavior in Slash Pine Plantations.
Brose, Patrick; Schuler, Thomas; Van Lear, David; Berst, John. 2001. Bringing fire back. The changing regimes of the Appalachian mixed-oak forest.
Brose, Patrick; Van Lear, David; Van Lear, David. 2000. A Shelterwood-burn Technique for Regenerating Productive Upland Oak Sites.
Waldrop, Thomas A.; Turrill Welch, Nicole; Brose, Patrick H.; Elliott, Katherine J.; Mohr, Helen H.; Gray, Ellen A.; Tainter, Frank H.; Ellis, Lisa E.; Ellis, Lisa E. 2000. Current Research on Restoring Ridgetop Pine Communities With Stand Replacement Fire.
Waldrop, Thomas A.; Welch, Nicole Turrill; Brose, Patrick H.; [and others], . 2000. Current research on restoring ridgetop pine communities with stand replacement fire.
Van Lear, D.H.; Brose, P.H.; Keyser, P.D.; Keyser, P.D. 2000. Using Prescribed Fire to Regenerate Oaks.
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2000. Using prescribed fire to regenerate Table Mountain pine in the Southern Appalachian Mountains.
Waldrop, Thomas A.; Brose, Patrick H. 1999. A Comparison of Fire Intensity levels for stand replacement of table mountain pine (Pinus pungens Lamb.).
Brose, Patrick H.; van Lear, David H.; Keyser, Patrick D. 1999. A Shelterwood-Burn Technique for Regenerating Productive Upland Oak Sites in the Piedmont Region.
van Lear, David; Brose, Patrick. 1999. Clemson Researchers Find Prescribed Fire Regenerates Oak Forests.
Brose, Patrick H.; Van Lear, David H. 1999. Effects of seasonal prescribed fires on residual overstory trees in oak-dominate shelterwood stands.
Cooper, Roderick D.; van Lear, David H.; Brose, Patrick H. 1999. Oak Advanced Regeneration Following Seasonal Prescribed Fires In Mixed Hardowod Sheleterwood Stands.
Waldrop, Thomas A.; Mohr, Helen H.; Brose, Patrick H.; Baker, Richard B. 1999. Seedbed Requirements For Regenerating Table Mountain Pine With Prescribed Fire.
Brose, Patrick H.; van Lear, David H.; Cooper, Roderick. 1999. Using Shelterwood Harvests and Prescribed Fire to Regenerate Oak Stands on Productive Upland Sites.
Brose, Patrick H.; Van Lear, David H. 1998. Responses of hardwood advace regeneration to seasonal prescribed fires in oak-dominated shelterwood stands.
Brose, Patrick; Van Lear, David. 1997. Effects of seasonal prescribed fires on hardwood advance regeneration in shelterwood stands.

Research Highlights

Changes in Black Cherry on the Allegheny Plateau (2016): Increased tree mortality, decreased seed production, and seedling growth. Managers and scientists have been observing these changes in black cherry on the Allegheny Plateau and are working together to sharpen the research focus and utilize long-term research to improve forest management.
Fire Returns to the Allegheny National Forest, and Oak and Black Cherry Thrive (2020): After a century of absence from the Allegheny Plateau of northwestern Pennsylvania, prescribed fire has been reintroduced as a means of perpetuating the mixed-oak forests of the Allegheny National Forest.
How not to kill mountain laurel (2017): Sometimes failure can be as important as success when it comes to developing appropriate silvicultural treatments for controlling interfering understory vegetation. A Forest Service scientist succeeded in establishing that seven common treatments do not work when it comes to controlling mountain laurel, a pervasive problem in eastern forests.
Understanding Mountain Laurel’s Impact on Oak Regeneration (2016): When did the dense understories of mountain laurel seen in some mixed-oak forests become established, and why? How dense does mountain laurel have to be to interfere with oak regeneration?