Forest science in the South: Summary of accomplishments for fiscal year 2008


 

Threats to forest health

Southern forests face a number of environmental threats and stresses, including insect pests, invasive plants, diseases, catastrophic wildfires, drought, development and urban sprawl, severe storms, and climate change. The effects of these forces can be severe, causing significant short- and long-term damage. Station scientists in the Threats to Forest Health science area are applying their expertise to predict, detect, assess, prevent, manage, and mitigate the effects of these threats to the public and private forests of the South and beyond.

Station scientists of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study (FFS) have been studying the results of fuel reduction treatments on individual components of ecosystems for years, but they have just begun comparing results across different ecosystems and among numerous variables. Existing literature suggests FFS has increased scientific knowledge two-fold. Findings from 12 FFS sites have been summarized, and the results of each discipline studied have been published (McIver and Waldrop 2009). The study suggests longer post-treatment measurement times and repeated treatments.

Station scientists working with the Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center (EFETAC) are developing an integrated model to estimate climate change impacts on ecosystem services. This integrated, water-centered modeling system is being built upon previous water supply and demand research that resulted in a Water Supply Stress Index (WaSSI) model. Scientists have used the WaSSI model to examine potential impacts of climate, land use, and population changes individually or in combination. The new model, WaSSI-Carbon and Biodiversity, or WaSSI-CB, is being developed to study international carbon fluxes data and regional relationships among climate and ecosystem processes. The model will be developed and applied in the United States as well as Asia and South America.

Scientists from the Southern Research Station and EFETAC are also working to collect metadata regarding various habitat characteristics and “invasibility” from diverse ecosystems in U.S. forests and other ecosystems around the world. Comparisons among the major community-types within and among geographic regions can provide new insights for both invasion biology and management and be useful to scientists, resource managers, policymakers, and the general public.

Economic Impacts of Invasive Species in Forests
A Southern Station Scientist recently led an interdisciplinary effort to assess the methods used to define the impacts of invasive species in US forests.
...more...
Climate change impacts on ecosystem services: water, carbon, and biodiversity
 Ecosystems and natural resources across the United States have been increasingly stressed over the past decades, mainly due to population growth and climate change and variability.
...more...

Habitat Invasibility Determined by Multiple Factors
It is commonly believed that more diverse habitats are less invasible due to niche occupation. However, comprehensive tools to assess the long-term impacts of changes in climate, population, and land use at the regional scale are lacking
...more...

 U.S. Invasive Plants Identified in Comprehensive Database
 More than 4,000 plants have been introduced in the U.S. through accidental and intentional releases.
...more..

 Early Warning System Detects Seasonal Vegetation Changes
The early warning system is an ongoing monitoring project that detects forest threats across the continental U.S. using remote sensing and GIS. Through the use of multi-temporal change detection, the system is designed to assess landscape and forest change over a broad geographical area.
...more...

 The National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study: Is there a big picture?
Scientists of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study (FFS) have published scores of papers describing the results of studies of fuel reduction treatments on individual components of the ecosystem.
...more...

New products in 2009 for threats to forest health
...more..



Economic Impacts of Invasive Species in Forests

A Southern Station Scientist recently led an interdisciplinary effort to assess the methods used to define the impacts of invasive species in US forests. Although most introduced species are relatively innocuous, a few species ultimately cause irreversible economic and ecological impacts, such as the chestnut blight that functionally eradicated the American chestnut across eastern North America. Assessments of the economic costs and losses induced by nonnative forest pests are required for policy development and need to adequately account for all of the economic impacts induced by rare, highly damaging pests. It appears that the greatest economic impacts of invasive species in forests are due to the loss of nonmarket values. The team proposed new methods for evaluating aggregate economic damages from forest-invasive species that quantify market and nonmarket impacts at microscales to provide aggregate estimates of impacts. Furthermore, the research indicates that policies that shift the burden of economic impacts from taxpayers and forest landowners onto parties responsible for introducing or spreading invasives, may be most effective at reducing their impacts. Contact: Dave Wear, ( dwear@fs.fed.us )

 

Climate change impacts on ecosystem services: water, carbon, and biodiversity

 Ecosystems and natural resources across the United States have been increasingly stressed over the past decades, mainly due to population growth and climate change and variability. Quantifying changes in ecosystem processes and ecosystem services under a changing environment is critical for management decisionmaking. Southern Research Station scientists working with the Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center are developing an integrated model to estimate ecosystem water and carbon balances and the interactions among ecosystem evapotranspiration, productivity, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity at the continental scale by coupling the key processes of the hydrologic and carbon cycles. This integrated, water-centered modeling system is being built upon previous water supply and demand research that resulted in a Water Supply Stress Index (WaSSI) model. Scientists have used the WaSSI model to examine potential impacts of climate, land use, and population changes individually or in combination. The new model, WaSSI-Carbon and Biodiversity, or WaSSI-CB, is being developed by literature synthesis of international carbon fluxes network data and regional relationships among climate and ecosystem processes. The model will be developed and applied in the United States and internationally in Asia and South America. Contact: Ge Sun ( gsun@fs.fed.us ) 

Habitat Invasibility Determined by Multiple Factors


It is commonly believed that more diverse habitats are less invasible due to niche occupation. Yet, recent evidence shows that invasibility is a much more complex issue and may be determined by multiple factors. Invasibility tends to be the highest when the existing biomass is the lowest. Also, habitat invasibility changes over time. Better understanding of what invasibility and invasiveness really mean and how to measure them is necessary. For better control and management, future research should focus more on the mass dominance of a few truly invasives rather than the total number of exotics in a habitat.

Currently, Southern Research Station scientists working with the Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center are collecting metadata regarding various habitat characteristics and invasibility from diverse ecosystems in U.S. forests and other ecosystems around the world to further test the generality of the above conclusions. Preliminary observations show that species-rich communities are invasible but may be so at a lesser degree, although individual component species can show highly invader-specific resistance or promotion.  However, species richness apparently does not work in isolation; it has to work with species mass abundance in either measuring or determining habitat invasibility.  

A community's ability to preclude species invasions may be dependent upon a threshold level of both species richness and abundance, below which the importance of species interactions is only a weak force.  Comparisons among the major community-types within and among geographic regions in the future can provide new insights for both invasion biology and management and be useful to scientists, resource managers, policymakers, and the general public. Contact: Qinfeng Guo ( qguo@fs.fed.us )

 

 U.S. Invasive Plants Identified in Comprehensive Database

 More than 4,000 plants have been introduced in the U.S. through accidental and intentional releases. Some of these species have become invasive by out-competing native biota for resources, thus threatening native communities and reducing species diversity. Developing a method to identify potentially invasive species from this pool of introduced plants will enable the prediction and prevention of future invasions; however, while some invasive plant species share certain biological traits, no one trait can be used as a convenient predictor of invasiveness.

 

To examine parameters of plant invasion success in the United States, scientists with the Southern Research Station's Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center are developing a database that compiles several key life history and genetic traits for all currently known introduced plant species, including morphological traits, pollination and dispersal mechanisms, chromosome number, habitat preferences, and geographical distribution. Currently, researchers and collaborators have developed the database structure and have begun populating the database using a variety of sources, such as relevant existing databases, scientific literature, Internet Web sites, and herbarium specimens.

 

These data will allow for continental scale analyses of biological traits that influence species invasiveness and distribution and will aid in developing early warning systems, predictive models, risk assessments, and management plans for invasive plant species. The database will be made available on the Internet for the public, land managers, scientists, and policymakers to use as a comprehensive resource of introduced plants in the U.S. Contact: Qinfeng Guo ( qguo@fs.fed.us )

 Early Warning System Detects Seasonal Vegetation Changes

The early warning system is an ongoing monitoring project that detects forest threats across the continental U.S. using remote sensing and GIS. Through the use of multi-temporal change detection, the system is designed to assess landscape and forest change over a broad geographical area. A core element of the early warning system is NASA's MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite imagery, which provides worldwide imagery coverage captured at 1 to 2 day intervals. MODIS is especially useful for threat detection due to its frequent revisits, broad spectral capabilities, and large image swath. These advantages allow for the creation of cloud free 16-day composites on a continental scale.

The Southern Research Station's Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center is partnering with NASA's Stennis Space Center to produce a series of seamless, CONUS phenology (seasonal changes in vegetation) datasets derived from MODIS imagery. The phenology image data includes normalized vegetation index maps for assessing plant and forest conditions. Currently, the 16-day intervals from 2002-2008 are complete. Online viewers for the data will soon be available for remote public access.

The early warning system will use the phenology data in its change detection models for identifying forest threat locations and tracking patterns of progression. In preliminary studies, the data has already proved to be very effective for hurricane assessment along the gulf coast and for identifying forests affected by gypsy moth. As the early warning system reaches a fully operational status, the data will be assessed for each succeeding 16-day period. Forest threat locations revealed with the MODIS derived phenology data will then make it possible for further analysis using higher resolution imagery and data. Contact: William Hargrove ( whargrove@fs.fed.us ) or Stephen Creed ( stephencreed@fs.fed.us )

 

 The National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study: Is there a big picture?

Scientists of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study (FFS) have published scores of papers describing the results of studies of fuel reduction treatments on individual components of the ecosystem. However, this is a multi-site-, multi-ecosystem which measured dozens of variables across the United States. Until now there has been little emphasis on comparing results across the different ecosystems or among the numerous variables. Two publications and one invited presentation begin the process of synthesis of FFS results in FY2008. The 12-site FFS is a multi-disciplinary study of the ecological consequences of fuel reduction. FFS sites employ a common experimental design four treatments: control, prescribed fire, mechanical, and mechanical + fire. Measured disciplines included vegetation, fuels, soils, bark beetles, tree diseases, and wildlife in 10 ha experimental units, giving a fairly complete picture of ecosystem response.

Schwilk and others (2009) described changes in vegetation and fuels that were evaluated from measurements taken before and after fuel reduction treatments (prescribed fire, mechanical treatments, and the combination of the two) at 12 Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) sites located in forests with a surface fire regime across the conterminous United States. To test the relative effectiveness of fuel reduction treatments and their effect on ecological parameters, an information theoretic approach was used on a suite of 12 variables representing the overstory (basal area and live tree, sapling, and snag density), the understory (seedling density, shrub cover, and native and alien herbaceous species richness), and the most relevant fuel parameters for wildfire damage (height to live crown, total fuel bed mass, forest floor mass, and woody fuel mass). In the short term (one year after treatment), mechanical treatments were more effective at reducing overstory tree density and basal area, and increasing quadratic mean tree diameter. Prescribed fire treatments were more effective at creating snags, killing seedlings, elevating height to live crown, and reducing surface woody fuels. Overall, the response to fuel reduction treatments of the ecological variables presented in this paper was generally maximized by the combined mechanical plus burning treatment. If the management goal is to quickly produce stands with fewer and larger diameter trees, less surface fuel mass, and greater herbaceous species richness, the combined treatment gave the most desirable results. However, because mechanical plus burning treatments also favored alien species invasion at some sites, monitoring and control needs to be part of the prescription when using this treatment.

Boerner and others (2009) tested alternative management/restoration strategies using an experimental design, a decadal time frame, and FFS study sites that would permit broad extrapolation of results across sites and in relation to changes in climate within individual regions. Manipulative fuel reduction treatments of the FFS (prescribed fire, mechanical, and fire + mechanical) were described for their success for achieving management restoration goals from five perspectives (wildfire hazard reduction, ecological restoration, biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, and sustainable forestry). The analysis also focused on how professionals from these five perspectives would alter their judgment (or not) by increasing their reliance on soil ecological parameters.

McIver and Waldrop (2009) summarized results of each discipline studies at 12 FFS sites. Findings indicate: 1) treatments modified stand structure and fuels such that post-treatment stands are more resistant to moderate wildfire; 2) for most ecosystem components, short-term responses to treatments were subtle and transient; 3) while ecological effects dampened with time, fire risk increased due to treatment-induced tree mortality after fire; 4) multivariate analyses show that many ecosystem components are strongly linked, suggesting that managers conduct fuel reduction for the entire ecosystem; 5) multi-site analyses show strong site-specific effects for many variables, which reduces the broad applicability of findings and suggests that adaptive management should be employed at the local scale; 6) mechanical treatments do not serve as surrogates for fire for most variables, suggesting that fire be used for restoration of these systems; 7) to best inform management, longer post-treatment measurement times and repeated treatments are needed; and 8) existing literature suggests that the FFS has increased scientific knowledge by 2-fold. Contacts: Tom Waldrop and Ken Outcalt

2009 Products

Achtemeier, G.L. 2009. Field validation of PB-Piedmont. 24th Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, Tallahassee, FL, January 12-15, 2009. (oral)

Achtemeier, G.L. 2009. Modeling superfog: A case study of the I-4 disaster of 9 January 2008. 24th Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, Tallahassee, FL, January 12-15, 2009. (oral)

Achtemeier, G.L. 2009. On the relevance of the ventilation index as a too for regulating prescribed fire. 24th Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, Tallahassee, FL, January 12-15, 2009. (oral)

Achtemeier, G.L.; Liu, Y. 2009. Smoke transport and dispersion from prescribed burns: complications posed by mountainous terrain. 24th Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, Tallahassee, FL, January 12-15, 2009. (poster)

Achtemeier, Gary L. 2009. On the formation and persistence of superfog in woodland smoke. Meteorological applications, Vol. 16: 215-225
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33545

Berrill, J-P; Dagley, C.M. 2009. An economical and compact experimental design to evaluate restoration treatments. In Ciccarese, L., Ferreira, R., Simeone, M.C. (Compilers). Innovation and New Horizons in Tree Nursery Stock Production and Forest Restoration - From Research to Business. EC-IUFRO International Conference, Rome, Italy- March 12-14, 2009. P. 43.

Boerner, R.E.J., Huang, J., Hart, S.C. 2009. Impacts of fire and fire surrogate treatments on ecosystem nitrogen storage patterns: similarities and differences between forests of eastern and western North America. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38: 3056-3070.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/34031

Boerner, R.E.J., Huang, J., Hart, S.C. 2009. Impacts of Fire and Fire Surrogate treatments on forest soil properties: a meta-analytical approach. Ecological Applications 19: 338?358.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/34030

Boerner, Ralph J.; et al. 2009. Fire surrogates study. 14th Biennial Meeting of the Society of Soil Ecology.

Boerner, Ralph; Hart, S.; Outcalt, K.; Skinner, C.; Stephens, S.; Waldrop, T.; Yaussy, D. ;Youngblood, A. 2009. Crossing boundaries of space, climate, and philosophy: restoration and management of fire-prone forests. Society of Nematologists 48th Annual Meeting & Soil Ecology Society 12th Biennial Meeting. Burlington, Vermont. July 12-15, 2009

Brockway, Dale G., Outcalt, Kenneth W., Estes, Becky L., Rummer, Robert B. 2009. Vegetation response to midstorey mulching and prescribed burning for wildfire hazard reduction and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystem restoration. Forestry 82:299-314
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/34032

Bryant, John P.; Clausen, Thomas P.; Swihart, Robert K.; Landhäusser, Simon M.; Stevens, Michael T.; Hawkins, Christopher D. B.; Carrière, Suzanne; Kirilenko, Andrei P.; Veitch, Alasdair M.; Popko, Richard A.; Cleland, David T.; Williams, Joseph H.; Jakubas, Walter J.; Carlson, Michael R.; Lehmkuhl Bodony, Karin; Cebrian, Merben; Paragi, Thomas F.; Picone, Peter M.; Moore, Jeffery E.; Packee, Edmond C.; Malone, Thomas 2009. Fire drives transcontinental variation in tree birch defense against browsing by snowshoe hares. The American Naturalist 174 (1), doi 10.1086/599304
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/34033

Callaham, M.A. Jr.; O'Brien, J.J.; DiCosty, R.J.; Stanturf, J.A.; Outcalt, K.W.; Hiers, J.K.; Mitchell, R.J.; Williams, M.A.; Lamoncha,K.L.. 2009. Fire Frequency Effects on Soil Biology and Soil Chemistry in a Longleaf Pine Forest in North Florida. Invited symposium presentation, Soil Ecology Society Biennial Meetings, Burlington, Vermont, July 2009.

Callaham, M.A., Jr., L. Heneghan, C.C. Rhoades (Guest Editors). 2008. Special Section: Soil Ecology and Restoration Ecology. Restoration Ecology 16:604-712.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33849

Callaham, M.A., Jr.; Butt, K.R.; Lowe,C.N. 2008. Stable isotope evidence for marine-derived avian inputs of nitrogen into detrital foodwebs on the Isle of Rum, Scotland, UK. Poster presentation at 15th International Colloquium on Soil Zoology and Ecology, August 2008, Curitiba, Brazil.

Callaham, M.A., Jr.; Rostkowski, S.C. Jr.; Gardiner, E.S.; Stanturf, J.A.; Snyder, B.A. 2008. Litter-dwelling arthropods in a bottomland hardwood restoration experiment in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA. Poster presentation at 15th International Colloquium on Soil Zoology and Ecology, August 2008, Curitiba, Brazil.

Callaham, M.A., Jr.; DiCosty, R.J.; Lamoncha, K.L.; O'Brien, J.J.; Outcalt, K.W.; Williams, M.A.; Stanturf,J.A. 2009. Effects of long-term fire frequency manipulations on soil chemical and biological properties in a north Florida pine forest. Poster presentation at Workshop on Global Soil Change, Durham, NC, June 2009.

Callaham, M.A., Jr.; Langhenry, G.A. ; Hanula, J.L.; Horn,S. 2009. Invasive earthworm responses to experimental removal of the invasive shrub Ligustrum sinense (Chinese Privet) in riparian forests of the southern Piedmont. Poster presentation at Soil Ecology Society Meetings, Burlington, Vermont, July 2009.

Callaham, Mac A., Jr.; Rhoades, Charles C.; Heneghan, Liam 2008. A striking profile: Soil ecological knowledge in restoration management and science. Restoration Ecology. 16(4): 604-607.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/31545

Campbell, J.W.; Hanula, J.L.; Waldrop, T.A. 2007. Effects of prescribed fire and fire surrogates on floral visiting insects of the blue ridge province in North Carolina. Biological conservation, Vol. 134: 393-404
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/26225

Campbell, Joshua W.; Hanula, J.L. 2007. Efficiency of malaise traps and colored pan traps for collecting flower visiting insects from three forested ecosystems. J. Insect Conserv., Vol. 11: 399-408
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/31451

Campbell, Joshua W.; Hanula, James L.; Outcalt, Kenneth W. 2008. Effects of prescribed fire and other plant community restoration treatments on tree mortality, bark beetles, and other saproxylic coleoptera of longleaf pine, Pinus palustris Mill., on the coastal plain of Alabama. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 254: 134-144
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/30334

Campbell, Joshua W.; Hanula, James L.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2008. Effects of prescribed fire and fire surrogates on Saproxylic coleoptera in the Southern Appalachians of North Carolina. J. Entomol. Sci. Vol., 43(1): 57-75
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/31487

Carlson, J.D.; Achtemeier, G.L. 2009. Field validation of PB-Piedmont, a mesoscale smoke dispersion model for application to Oklahoma landscapes. 24th Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, Tallahassee, FL, January 12-15, 2009. (oral)

Cram, Michelle M.; Fraedrich, Stephen W. 2007. Detection and management of stunt and stubby root nematodes in a southern forest nursery. In: Riley, L.E.; Dumroese, R.K.; Landis, T.D. National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations - 2006. Proceedings RMRS-P-50. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 91-96
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/30897

Crider, K.K. 2008. Direct and indirect effects of a native predator on weed biological control. Poster presentation at Ecological Society of America annual meetings, August, 2008, Milwaukee, WI.

Delalibera, Italo Jr.; Vasanthakumar, Archana; Burwitz, Benjamin J.; Schloss, Patrick D.; Klepzig, Kier D.; Handelsman, Jo; Raffa, Kenneth F. 2007. Composition of the bacterial community in the gut of the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coloptera) colonizing red pine. Symbiosos, Vol. 43: 97-104
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/29006

Dey, D.C.; Gardiner, E.S.; Kabrick, J.M.; Stanturf, J.A.; Jacobs, D.F. 2009. Innovations in afforestation of agricultural bottomlands to restore native forests in the United States. In Ciccarese, L., Ferreira, R., Simeone, M.C. (Compilers). Innovation and New Horizons in Tree Nursery Stock Production and Forest Restoration - From Research to Business. EC-IUFRO International Conference, Rome, Italy- March 12-14, 2009. P. 41.

Ebermann, Ernst; Moser, John C. 2008. Mites (Acari: Scutacaridae) associated with the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis Invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), from Louisiana and Tennessee, U.S.A. Internat. J. Acarol., Vol. 34(1): 55-69
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/29610

Fraedrich, Stephen 2007. An Ophiostoma sp. causing a vascular wilt disease of red bay (Persea borbonia [L.] Spreng) is also pathogenic to other species in the Lauraceae family. In: Gottschalk, Kurt W., ed. Proceedings, 17th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2006; Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-10. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 39.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/12464

Fraedrich. S.W.; Harrington, T.C.; Rabaglia, R.J.; Ulyshen, M.D.; Mayfield, A.E.; Hanula, J.L.; Eickwort, J.M.; Miller, D.R. 2008. A fungal symbiont of the redbay ambrosia beetle causes a lethal wilt in redbay and other lauraceae in the Southeastern United States. Plant Disease. 92(2): 215-224
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/29373

Gardiner, E.S.; O?Brien, J.J.; Löf, M.; Stanturf, J.A.; Madsen, P. 2009. Photosynthetic characteristics of Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur established for stand conversion from Picea abies. Forest Ecology and Management 258: 868?878.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/34036

Gardiner, Emile S.; Stanturf, John A.; Leininger, T.D.; Hamel, P.B.; Dorris, L.C.; Portwood, C.J.; Shepard, J.P. 2008. Establishing a research and demonstration area initiated by managers: the Sharkey Restoration Research and Demonstration Site. Journal of Forestry 106:363-369.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/34035

Goodrick S.L., Hanley, D.E. 2009. Florida wildfire activity and atmospheric teleconnections. International Journal of Wildland Fire 18: 476-482.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33850

Goodrick, S.L. editor, Southern Smoke Issues, v.2, no. 1.

Hanson, P.J.; McFarlane, K.; Trumbore, S.; Guilderson, T.; Torn, M.S.; Matamala, R.; Jastrow, J.D.; Callaham, M.A.; Parton, W.J., Jr. 2008. Quantifying organic and mineral soil carbon turnover along climate gradients: The EBIS-AmeriFlux Project. Poster presentation at the Annual AmeriFlux Science Meeting, Boulder, CO, October, 2008.

Hanula, J.L., Wade, D.D., O'Brien, J.O., Loeb, S.C. 2009. Ground-dwelling arthropod association with coarse woody debris following long-term dormant season prescribed burning in the longleaf pine flatwoods of north Florida. Florida Entomologist 92 (2):229-242.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33806

Hendrix, P.F., M.A. Callaham, Jr., J.M. Drake, C.-Y. Huang, S.W. James, B.A. Snyder, and W.X. Zhang. 2008. Pandora?s box contained bait: The global problem of introduced earthworms. Annual Reviews in Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 39:593-613.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/34034

Heneghan, Liam; Miller, Susan P.; Baer, Sara; Callaham, Mac A., Jr.; Montgomery, James; Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitchell; Rhoades, Charles C.; Richardson, Sarah 2008. Integrating soil ecological knowledge into restoration management. Restoration Ecology. 16(4): 608-617.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/31572

Hiers, J. Kevin, O?Brien, Joseph J., Mitchell, R. J., Grego, John M., Loudermilk, E. Louise. 2009. The wildland fuel cell concept: an approach to characterize fine-scale variation in fuels and fire in frequently burned longleaf pine forests. International Journal of Wildland Fire18: 315?325.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33854

Hiers, J.K.; Starr, G.; Callaham, M.A., Jr.; O?Brien, J.J.; Mitchell, R.J. 2008. The silvics of sequestration in frequently burned longleaf pine forests. Oral presentation delivered at the Longleaf Alliance annual meetings, Destin, FL, October, 2008.

Horn, S., Ulyshen, M.D. 2009. The importance of streamside sandbars to ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) communities in a deciduous forest. J. Insect Conserv. 13:119-123
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33911

Horn, Scott; Hanula, James L. 2008. Relationship of coarse woody debris to arthropod availability for red-cockaded woodpeckers and other bark-foraging birds on loblolly pine boles. J. Entomol. Sci., Vol. 43(2): 153-168
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/30544

Jimenez, E., Hussaini, M.Y.; Goodrick, S. 2008. Quantifying parametric uncertainty in the Rothermel model. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17(5): 638-649.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33851

Khaustov, Alexandr A.; Moser, John C. 2008. Two new species of mites of the genera Petalomium Cross and Caesarodispus Mahunka (acari: Heterostigmata:Neopygmephoridae, Microdispidae) associated with Solenopsis Invicta Buren (hymenoptera: Formicdae) from the U.S.A. Internat. J. Acarol. 34:2 115-122
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/29977

Kitchen, D.J., J.M. Blair, and M.A. Callaham, Jr. 2009. Annual fire and mowing alter biomass, depth distribution, and C and N content of roots in soil in tallgrass prairie. Plant and Soil.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33903

Laarmann, D., Korjus, H., Sims, A., Stanturf, J.A., Kiviste, A., Köster. 2009. Analysis of forest naturalness and tree mortality patterns in Estonia. Forest Ecology and Management, doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.014
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33856

Lafon, Charles W.; Waldron, John D.; Cairns, David M.; Tchakerian, Maria D.; Coulson, Robert N.; Klepzig, Kier D. 2007. Modeling the effects of fire on the long-term dynamics and restoration of yellow pine and oak forests in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Restoration Ecology, Vol. 15(3): 400-411
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/28072

Linzer, R.E.; Otrosina, W.J.; Gonthier, P.; Bruhn, J.; Laflamme, G.; Bussieres, G.; Garbelotto, M. 2008. Inferences on the phylogeography of the fungal pathogen Heterobasidion annosum, including evidence of interspecific horizontal genetic transfer and of human-mediated, long-range dispersal. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46: 844-862
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/30222

Liu, Y., Goodrick, S., Achtemeier, G., Jackson, W.A., Qu, J.J., Wang, W. 2009. Smoke incursions into urban areas: simulation of a Georgia prescribed burn. International Journal of Wildland Fire 18: 336-348.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33852

Liu, Y.; Achtemeier, G.; Goodrick, S.L. 2009, Sensitivity and evaluation of smoke plume rise schemes for regional air quality simulation. 24th Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, Tallahassee, FL, January 12-15, 2009. (poster)

Liu, Y.; Goodrick, S.L.; Achtemeier, G. 2009. A smoke plume pattern of 2007 Georgia/Florida wildfires related to atmospheric cyclonic circulation over Atlantic Ocean. 24th Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, Tallahassee, FL, January 12-15, 2009. (poster)

Liu, Y.; Goodrick, S.L.; Achtemeier, G.; Jackson, W.A. 2009. SHRMC-4S as a fire and air quality management tool for prescribed burning. 24th Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, Tallahassee, FL, January 12-15, 2009. (poster)

Lockhart, Brian Roy; Gardiner, Emile S.; Leininger, Theodor D.; Stanturf, John A. 2008. A conceptual model for developing mixed-species plantations in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. In: Lockhart, Brian Roy; Gardiner, Emile S.; Dey, Daniel C., eds. Tenth workshop on seedling physiology and growth problems in oak plantings; 2007 October 16-17; Jackson, MS. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-32. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 6.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/18959

Lockhart, Brian Roy; Gardiner, Emile; Leininger, Theodor; Stanturf, John 2008. A stand-development approach to oak afforestation in the lower Mississippi alluvial valley. South J. Appl. For., Vol. 32(3):120-129.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/30765

Loewenstein, Nancy J.; Miller, James H. 2007. Proceedings of the regional cogongrass conference: a cogongrass management guide. In: Proceedings of the Regional Cogongrass Conference, November 7-8, 2007
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33052

Loewenstein, Nancy J.; Miller, James H.; Chamblis, Erwin 2008. Paradise lost: alien plant invaders compromising productive, rich state forests. Alabama Forests. Spring 2008, 12-15
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/29874

Lu, Min; Miller, Daniel R.; Sun, Jiang-Hua 2007. Cross-attraction between an exotic and a native pine bark beetle: a novel invasion mechanism?. Plos one, Vol. 2(12): 1-9
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/29285

Madsen, Palle; Olesen, Carsten Riis; Stanturf, John A.; Löf, Magnus; Ammer, Christian. 2008. Effects of light and soil moisture on a mixed species natural regeneration of beech (Fagus sylvatica), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus). In Terazawa, K., Madsen, P., and Sagheb-Talebi, K. (eds). Proceedings: 8th International Beech Symposium, 8-13 September 2008, Nanae, Hokkaido, Japan. Hokkaido Forestry Research Institute, Bibai, Hokkaido, Japan. P. 67-69.

Marshall, Douglas J.; Wimberly, Michael; Pete, Bettinger; Stanturf, John 2008. Synthesis of knowledge of hazardous fuels management in loblolly pine forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-110. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 43 p.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/32484

Matthews, Charlotte E; Moorman, Christopher E; Greenberg, Cathryn H; 2009. Response of soricid populations to repeated fire and fuel reduction treatments in the southern Appalachain Mountains. Forestry Ecology and Mangement 257 (2009) 1939-1944
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33906

McGee, J.D.; Jansen, N.A.; Hiers, J.K.; Callaham, Jr., M.A.; Mitchell, R.J.; Greene, M.P. 2008 Recalcitrant carbon pools in burned and unburned longleaf pine systems. Poster presentation at Ecological Society of America annual meetings, August, 2008, Milwaukee, WI.

Miller, Daniel R.; Duerr, Donald A. 2008. Comparison of arboreal beetle catches in wet and dry collection cups with lindgren multiple funnel traps. J. Econ. Entomol., Vol. 101(1): 107-113
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/29382

Miller, James H. 2003. Nonnative invasive plants of southern forests: a field guide for identification and control. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-62. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 93p.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/5424

Mitchell, R.; O?Brien, J.J.; Hiers, K. 2009. 14th Biennial Meeting of the Soil Ecology Society, Burlington, VT, July 12-15, 2009.

Mitra, O., Callaham, M.A., Jr., Smith, M.L., Yack, J.E. 2008. Grunting for worms: reactions of Diplocardia to seismic vibrations. Biology Letters 5:16-19. (updated citation)
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33847

Mulrooney, J.E., Wagner, T. L., Gerard, P.D., 2009. Fipronil: Toxicity to subterranean termites and dissipation in soils, pp. 107-124. Pesticides in Household, Structural and Residential Management, Peterson, C.J., Stout II, D.R. (eds.). ACS Symposium Series #1015, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. (In press).

O?Brien, J.J., Hiers, J.K., Callaham, M.A. Jr., Mitchell, R.J., Jack S. 2008. Interactions among overstory structure, seedling life history traits and fire in frequently burned neotropical pine forests. Ambio 37: 542-547.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33853

Otrosina, W.J.; Kliejunas, J.T.; Smith, S.; Cluck, D.R.; Sung, S.S.; Cook, C.D. 2007. Black stain root disease studies on ponderosa pine parameters and disturbance treatments affecting infection and mortality. Acta Silva. Lign. Hung., Spec. Edition: 247-251
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/30223

Pernek, Milan; Hrasovec, Boris; Matosevic, Dinka; Pilas, Ivan; Kirisits, Thomas; Moser, John C. 2008. Phoretic mites of three bark beetles (Pityokteines spp.) on silver fir. J. Pest. Sci., 81: 35-42
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/29872

Peterson, C.J., Leach, A.D. 2008. Limited salvage logging effects on forest regeneration after moderate-severity windthrow. Ecological Applications 18 (2): 407-420.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33855

Peterson, C.J.; Gerard, P.D.; Wagner, T.L. 2007. Charring does not affect wood infestation by subterranean termites. The Netherlands Entomological Society Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, Vol. 126: 78-84
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33675

Peterson, Chris J. 2007. Imidacloprid mobility and logevity in soil columns at a termiticidal application rate. Pest Manag. Sci., Vol. 63: 1124-1132
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33667

Peterson, Chris J.; Gerard, P.D. 2009. Two new termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) feeding indexes for woods of varing palatability. Midsouth Entomologist, Vol. 1: 11-16
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33719

Pureswaran, Deepa S.; Hofstetter, Richard W.; Sullivan, Brian T. 2008. Attraction of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, to pheromone components of the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), in an allopatric zone. Environ. Entomol., Vol. 37(1): 70-78
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/31489

Pureswaran, Deepa S.; Sullivan, Brian T.; Ayres, Matthew P. 2008. High individual variation in pheromone production by tree-killing bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Naturwissenschhaften, Vol. 95: 33-44
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/31490

Qu, John J.; Hao, Xianjun; Liu, Yongqiang; Riebau, Allen R.; Yi, Haoruo; Qin, Xianlin. 2008. Remote sensing applications of wildland fire and air quality in China. In Bytnerowicz, Andrzej, Arbaugh, Michael J., Riebau Allen R., Andersen, Christian (Editors), Wild Land Fires and Air Pollution, Vol. 8, Developments in Environmental Science, pp. 277?288. The Netherlands: Elsevier.

Rabaglia, Robert J.; Fraedrich, Stephen 2007. The association of Xyleborus glabratus and an Ophiostoma species with mortality of red bay and sassafras in the Southeastern U.S. In: Gottschalk, Kurt W., ed. Proceedings, 17th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2006; Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-10. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 81.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/12521

Schwilk, D.W.; Keeley, J.E.; Knapp, E.E.; McIver, J.; Bailey, J.D.; Fettig,C.J.;Fiedler, C.E.; Harrod, R.J.; Moghaddas, J.J.; Outcalt, K.W.; Skinner, C.N.; Stephens, S.L.; Waldrop, T.W.; Yaussy, D.A; Youngblood, A. 2009. The national Fire and Fire Surrogate study: effects of fuel reduction methods on forest vegetation structure and fuels. Ecological Applications 19: 285?304.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/34042

Snyder, B.A.; Callaham, Jr., M.A.; Lowe, C.N.; Rostkowski, Jr., S.C.; Hendrix, P.F. 2008. Interactions between the invasive earthworm Amynthas agrestis (Megascolecidae) and the North American millipede Sigmoria ainsliei (Xystodesmidae). Oral presentation (delivered by Callaham) at 15th International Colloquium on Soil Zoology and Ecology, August 2008, Curitiba, Brazil.

Spaine, Pauline; Otrosina, William J.; Zarnoch, Stanley J.; Lumpkin, Sharon V. 2008. Microclimate environmental parameters indexed for Sudden Oak death in Georgia and South Carolina. In: Frankel, Susan J.; Kliejunas, John T.; Palmieri, Katharine M., tech. coords. 2008. Proceedings of the sudden oak death third science symposium. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-214. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. pp. 455-460
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/30278

Stanturf, J.A. 2008. Silviculture and ungulates: Implications of restoration and climate change. Invited oral presentation at Expert Workshop on New Ways to Optimise the Joint Management of Ungulates, Forests, and Forest Landscapes, Løvenholm Castle, Denmark; Forest and Landscape-KVL.

Stanturf, J.A. 2009. Contemporary forest restoration: socially acceptable and sustainable solutions. 2009. In Ciccarese, L., Ferreira, R., Simeone, M.C. (Compilers). Innovation and New Horizons in Tree Nursery Stock Production and Forest Restoration - From Research to Business. EC-IUFRO International Conference, Rome, Italy- March 12-14, 2009. P. 38.

Stanturf, J.A.; Evett, S.; Zalesny, R.; Soriano, C. 2009. Trip Report, Egypt.

Stanturf, J.A.; Goodrick, S.L.; O?Brien, J.J.; Callaham, M.A., Jr. 2009. Hurricane impacts on soils. Invited symposium presentation, Soil Ecology Society Biennial Meetings, Burlington, Vermont, July 2009.

Stanturf, J.A; Gardiner, E.S; Shepard, J.P; Schweitzer, C.J; Portwood, C.J; Dorros, L.C. 2009. Restoration of bottomland hardwood forest across a treatment intensity gradient. Elsevier: Forest Ecology and Mangement 257:1803-1814.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/34041

Stanturf, John A.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Shepard, James P.; Schweitzer, Callie J.; Portwood, C. Jeffrey; Dorris, Lamar C. Jr. 2009. Restoration of bottomland hardwood forests across a treatment intensity gradient. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 257: 1803-1814
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33499

Stottlemeyer, Aaron D.; Shelburne, Victor B.; Waldrop, Thomas A.; Rideout-Hanzak, Sandra; Bridges, William C. 2009. Fuel characterization in the southern Appalachian Mountains: an application of landscape ecosystem classification. International Journal of Wildlane Fire, Vol. 18: 423-429
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/33454

Ulyshen, Michael D.; Hanula, James L. 2007. A comparison of the beetle (Coleoptera) fauna captured at two heights above the ground in a North American temperate deciduous forest. Am. Midl. Nat., Vol. 158: 260-278
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/29318

Wagner T.L., J.E. Mulrooney, T.G. Shelton, and C.J. Peterson. 2009. USDA-FS termiticide report: Termiticide efficacy results for 2008. Pest Management Professional. Feb: 26-27, 30, 32, 34. (Our most widely read publication presents product performance data on popular termiticides; used by federal and state regulators, company manufacturers, pest control industry, and the American public).

Wang ,W.; Qu, J.J.; Hao, X.; Liu, Y. 2009. Analysis of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer contextual algorithm for small fire detection, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing Vol.3. DOI: 10.1117/1.3078426
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/34037

Xi, Weimin; Lafon, Charles W.; Cairns, David M.; Waldron, John D.; Tchakerian, Maria D.; Klepzig, Kier D.; Coulston, Robert N. 2009. Simulating impacts of invasive plants in southern Appalachian landscapes using LANDIS. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings. 19th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2008; 2008 January 8-11; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-36. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 87.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/19381

Yaussy, D.A.; Waldrop, T.A. 2009. Fire and Fire Surrogate study: results from oak-dominated sites. In: Hutchinson, Todd F., ed. Proceedings of the 3rd fire in eastern oak forests conference; 2008 May 20-22; Carbondale, IL. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-46. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 40-50.

Zhang, Chi; Tian, Hanqin; Pan, Shufen; Liu, Mingliang ; Lockaby, Graeme; Schilling, Erik B.; Stanturf, John. 2008. Effects of forest regrowth and urbanization on ecosystem carbon storage in a rural?urban gradient in the Southeastern United States. Ecosystems 11: 1211?1222.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/34040

Zhang, D.; Stanturf, J.A. 2008. Forest Plantations. In Sven Erik Jørgensen and Brian D. Fath (Editors-in-Chief), Ecosystems. Vol. [2] of Encyclopedia of Ecology, 5 vols. pp. 1673-1680. Oxford: Elsevier.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/34043


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