Forest ecosystem services: Provisioning of non-timber forest products
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The purpose of this chapter is to describe approaches to calculate a conservative and defensible estimate of the marginal value of forests for non-timber forest products (NTFPs). 'Provisioning' is one of four categories of benefits, or services that ecosystems provide to humans and was described by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment as 'products obtained from ecosystems,' which include food, fuel, wood, and fiber, as well as products such as remedies and crafts. Clearly, any valuation of ecosystem benefits must include the tangible items, or products, that they supply.