Abstract
Leucopis argenticollis (Zetterstedt) and
Leucopis piniperda (Malloch) are known to feed on the lineage of
Adelges tsugae Annand that is native to western North America, but it is not known if they will survive on the lineage that was introduced from Japan to the eastern USA. In 2014, western
Leucopis spp. larvae were brought to the laboratory and placed on
A. tsugae collected in either Washington (North American
A. tsugae lineage) or Connecticut (Japanese lineage). There were no significant differences in survival or developmental times between flies reared on the two different adelgid lineages. In 2015 and 2016, western
Leucopis spp. adults were released at two different densities onto enclosed branches of
A. tsugae infested eastern hemlock (
Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) in Tennessee and New York. Cages were recovered and their contents examined 4 weeks after release at each location.
Leucopis spp. larvae and puparia of the F1 generation were recovered at both release locations and adults of the F1 generation were collected at the Tennessee location. The number of
Leucopis spp. offspring collected increased with increasing adelgid density, but did not differ by the number of adult flies released. Flies recovered from cages and flies collected from the source colony were identified as
L. argenticollis and
L. piniperda using DNA barcoding. These results emonstrate that
Leucopis spp. from the Pacific Northwest are capable of feeding and developing to the adult stage on
A. tsugae in the eastern USA and they are able to tolerate environmental conditions during late spring and early summer at the southern and northern extent of the area invaded by
A. tsugae in the eastern USA.
Keywords
silver flies,
hemlock woolly adelgid,
biological control,
Tsuga canadensis
Citation
Motley, K.; Havill, N.P.; Arsenault-Benoit, A.L.; Mayfield, A.E.; Ott, D.S.; Ross, D.; Whitmore, M.C.; Wallin, K.F. 2017. Feeding by Leucopis argenticollis and Leucopis piniperda (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) from the western USA on Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in the eastern USA. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 107(05): 699-704. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485317000219.