The floral biology of the Magnoliaceae
Abstract
The family Magnoliaceae, a well defined group of trees or shrubs, is a component of the order Magnoliales (subclass Magnoliidae) distributed in temperate (four-fifths of the species) and tropical Asia from the Himalayas eastward to Japan and southeastward through the Malay Archipelago to the New Guinea area (see map, Takhtajan 1969; Law 1984). The remainder of the family is found in the Americas from temperate North America to Brazil, including the West Indies (Heywood 1978; Treseder 1978). Concepts of the reproductive biology of the family, however, are based primarily on studies of various species of Magnolia located in temperate regions of the world (Heiser 1962; Thien 1974; Yasukawa et aL 1992).