Chloropicrin, EPTC, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for managing soilborne pests in pine nurseries
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The effects of preplant soil treatments and seed treatment on seedling production and soilborne pests were evaluated on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) at three forest nurseries. Treatments were applied in 1998 at the Flint River Nursery (Byromville, GA) and at the Hauss Nursery (Atmore, AL). In 1999, treatments were applied at the Carter Nursery (Chatsworth, GA) and continued at Flint River Nursery. Soil treatments included 67% methyl bromide/33% chloropicrin at 350 lb/ac (MC33), EPTC (Eptam 7-E), chloropicrin at 150 and 300 lb/ac (CH150 and CH300) and in combination with EPTC (CH150E and CH300E). At the Carter Nursery, a soil treatment of metam sodium at 80 lb/ac and chloropicrin at 150 lb/ac was added (M80/CH150). A seed treatment with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Paenibacillus macerans was also evaluated with each soil treatment. In 1999, the EPTC herbicide treatment and PGPR seed treatment were reapplied to plots in the second-year crop at the Flint River Nursery.