SUMMARY TERRA-1 TERRA-2 TERRA-3 TERRA-4 TERRA-5 SOCIO-1 SOCIO-2 SOCIO-3 SOCIO-4 SOCIO-5 SOCIO-6 SOCIO-7 TIMBR-1 TIMBR-2 TIMBR-3 HLTH-1 HLTH-2 HLTH-3 AQUA-1 AQUA-2 AQUA-3 AQUA-4 AQUA-5 HISTORY FIRE UPDATE-1 PDF (12.5 MB)

HLTH-2: Impact of Pests on Forest Health

1 Key Findings

2 Introduction

3 Methods and Data Sources

4 Results

4.1 Impact of Pests on Southern Forests

4.2 Problems Caused by Invasive Exotic Pests

4.3 Early Forest Pest Control

4.4 Integrated Pest Management

4.5 Control Methods

5 Damaging Insect and Disease Agents

5.1 Native Diseases of Conifers

5.2 Native Diseases of Hardwoods

5.3 Native Insect Pests of Conifers

5.4 Native Insect Pests of Hardwoods

5.5 Non-native Diseases of Conifers

5.6 Non-native Diseases of Hardwoods

5.7 Non-native Insects

5.8 Non-native Insects of Hardwoods

6 Discussion and Conclusions

7 Research Needs

8 Acknowledgments

9 Literature Cited

10 Tables and Figures

Table 1--Forest type listing with associated pest species

Table 2--Summary of results of the individual forest pest analyses

Figure 1--Location of major forest cover types in the Southern United States.

Figure 2--Incidence of fusiform rust on more than 10 percent of slash and loblolly pine on FIA.

Figure 3--Areas of high hazard for annosus root disease, based on soil characteristics.

Figure 4--Brown spot disease range.

Figure 5--Oak wilt occurrence by county compiled from various State and other survey reports.

Figure 6--FIA plots affected with oak decline.

Figure 7--FIA plots with stocking greater than 90 sq ft of basal area per acre and a significant pine component...(high risk to southern pine beetle).

Figure 8--Counties in outbreak status for southern pine beetle; a 40-year summary.

Figure 9--Texas leaf cutting ant occurrence in counties in Texas and Louisiana.

Figure 10--Historical range of littleleaf disease by county...(based on soil and site characteristics).

Figure 11--Incidence of dogwood anthracnose by county superimposed on the range of dogwood in the South.

Figure 12--Incidence of beech bark disease by county superimposed on the range of American beech in the South.

Figure 13--Incidence of butternut canker disease by county superimposed on the range of butternut in the South.

Figure 14--Incidence of hemlock woolly adelgid by county superimposed on the range of hemlock in the South.

Figure 15--Location of spruce-fir type in western North Carolina, eastern Tennessee, and southern Virginia. Balsam woolly adelgid has colonized the entire host range.

Figure 16--Counties generally infested by gypsy moth as listed in the Federal Register.

Figure 17--Forest health risk map for the South; a visual representation of risk of future tree mortality.

Figure 18--Waters and Ewing 1974 model of a potential IPM system for southern pine beetle control.