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Table 17.2--Summary of results of the individual forest pest analyses

	Native or Nonnative pest	Type or species affected	Does impact vary with		Pest significancea		Are practical control strategies availableb	Research needsc
			ownership?	management intensity?	Past	Future
Annosus root disease	Native	Pines in the pine types	Yes	Yes	5,6	5,6	PB, PC, PP, SC
Baldcypress leaf roller	Native	Bald cypress in bottomland hardwood types	No	No	8	8	No	B, C
Balsam woolly adelgid	Nonnative	Fraser fir in the spruce-fir type	No	No	2	2	SC	B, C
Bark beetles (except southern pine beetle)	Native	Pines in the pine types	Yes	Yes	5,6	5,6,7	SC	C
Beech bark disease	Nonnative	American beech in the northern hardwood types	No	No	NA	1	No	B, C
Brown spot needle disease	Native	Longleaf pine	Yes	Yes	5	5	PC, PP
Butternut canker	Nonnative	Butternut in the northern hardwood types	No	No	1	1	No	C, G
Chestnut blight	Nonnative	Chestnut, oaks, & others in northern hardwood types	No	No	1	1	No	G
Dogwood anthracnose	Nonnative	Dogwoods in the northern hardwood types	No	No	1	1	No	G
Forest tent caterpillar	Native	Bottomland hardwood types	No	Yes	8	8	SB, SC	B
Fusiform rust	Native	Loblolly and slash pines in the pine types	Yes	Yes	5,6	5,6	PC, PG, PP, SC	G
Gypsy moth	Nonnative	Hardwoods - all types	No	Yes	1,2,4,5,6,7	1,2,4,5,6,7	PB, PC, PP, SP	B, G
Hemlock woolly adelgid	Nonnative	Hemlocks	No	No	NA	1	SP	B, G
Littleleaf disease	Nonnative	Shortleaf & loblolly pines	Yes	Yes	5,6	5,6	PC, SC
Oak decline	Native	Oaks	Yes	Yes	1	1	PC	B, C
Oak wilt	Native	Oaks	Yes	Yes	2	1	SC, SP	C
Pine tip moth	Native	Hard pines	Yes	Yes	5,6	5,6	PC, SP	C
Pine reproduction weevils	Native	Pine	Yes	Yes	5,6	5,6	PC, SP
Southern pine beetle	Native	Pines	Yes	Yes	3,4,5,6,7	3,4,5,6,7	PC, SC, SP	C
Texas leaf-cutting ant	Native	Pine reproduction	No	No	5,6	5,6	SP	C, P
Woodborers	Native	Hardwoods Pines	No	Yes	3	3	PC	C, P

^a Pest significance: 1=severe widespread ecological impacts, 2=severe localized ecological impacts, 3=significant tree mortality or decline, 4=significant problem on reserved lands, 5=significant problem on private and industrial forests, 6=significant problem on unreserved public lands, 7=significant problem in the urban/wildland interface, and 8=moderate problem.

^b Pest control strategies: prevention—PC=cultural practices, PG=genetic manipulation, PP=pesticidal tactics; suppression—SB=biological control, SC=cultural tactics, and SP=pesticidal control.

^c Research needed: B=biocontrol, C=cultural tactics, G=genetic resistance enhancement, and P=prevention strategy.

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