Sediments, introduced into aquatic systems above natural, background levels, have adverse impacts on animal species in all seven taxonomic groups considered in this Assessment.
The aquatic communities of Southeastern United States are globally significant. Many are very narrow endemics and subject to extinction from relatively minor habitat losses.
Habitat barriers created by dams on major rivers have produced isolated populations of many southern aquatic animals. Some species occupy so little of their former range that they are vulnerable to extinction as described for the narrowly endemic species. Some others, mainly larger river animals, have become extinct because of habitat alterations. Current programs have improved conditions in some of the tailwaters.
In some areas aquatic habitats have improved, and reintroduction or augmentation supported by captive breeding programs may improve the recovery potential for some species.
Some groundwater systems are being dewatered, threatening unique aquatic communities. Careful aquifer management will be necessary for these aquatic communities.
Certain aquatic species, for example, the flatwoods salamander, require ephemeral ponds to complete their life cycles. Restoration and protection of ephemeral ponds is essential to the conservation of these animals.
Gaps in our scientific knowledge about southern aquatic species are monumental. Research of many types is urgently needed.
In the South, much of the habitat for rare aquatic species is not controlled by Federal or State governments. The burden for protecting these habitats falls mainly on private landowners.
