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Table 19.4--Leading sources of impairment of rivers and streams in Southern States from 1988 to 1998

Source of impairmenta	AL	AR	FL	GA	KY	LA	MS	NC	OK	SC	TN	TX	VA
	-----------------------------Annual average impaired milesb,c-------------------------------
Point sources
Municipal	642	318	575	468	1,149	3,335	1,076	296	0	974	1,994	1,522	211
Storm sewers/runoffd	260	40	1,775	1,162	599	1,880	605	898	513	1,251	1,995	375	472
Industrial	321	184	476	99	217	2,432	952	496	14	804	1,023	123	143
Land disposald	69	27	1,364	1	731	1,847	272	260	515	105	270	78	40
Total	1,292	569	4,190	1,730	2,696	9,494	2,905	1,950	1,042	3,133	5,282	2,099	866
Nonpoint sources
Agriculture	969	2,662	2,033	16	1,447	3,816	19,408	4,647	4,000	1,540	4,874	428	1,106
Hydrologic/habitat Modification	288	14	1,244	33	186	2,022	488	279	1,339	98	3,640	27	27
Resource extraction	459	248	688	5	1,107	1,875	419	114	1,126	22	1,269	0	177
Construction	123	26	1,372	0	37	691	49	572	179	96	1,178	0	0
Silviculture	138	154	563	1	78	984	1,216	206	120	193	188	0	209
Natural	70	0	0	271	2	691	994	0	62	172	376	331	281
Total	2,047	3,103	5,901	326	2,857	10,078	22,574	5,818	6,826	2,122	11,524	785	1,800

^a Table does not include all sources of impairment for all years, only major sources; impaired miles can be affected by multiple sources.

^b An impaired river mile is a river mile that is classified as partially supporting overall use or not supporting overall use.

^c Annual average impaired miles from 1988 to 1998 is defined as the total of impaired miles for each source for the years that data was reported divided by the number of years for which data was reported; for example, in Alabama, municipal sources contributed annually, on average, to the impairment of 642 river miles from 1988 to 1998.

^d Storm sewers/runoff and land disposal include both point and nonpoint sources.

Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998a, 2000a

Data behind this