SUMMARY TERRA-1 TERRA-2 TERRA-3 TERRA-4 TERRA-5 SOCIO-1 SOCIO-2 SOCIO-3 SOCIO-4 SOCIO-5 SOCIO-6 SOCIO-7 TIMBR-1 TIMBR-2 TIMBR-3 HLTH-1 HLTH-2 HLTH-3 AQUA-1 AQUA-2 AQUA-3 AQUA-4 AQUA-5 HISTORY FIRE PDF (3.2M)

HLTH-2: Impact of Pests on Forest Health

1 Key Findings

2 Introduction

3 Methods and Data Sources

4 Results

4.1 Impact of Pests on Southern Forests

4.2 Problems Caused by Invasive Exotic Pests

4.3 Early Forest Pest Control

4.4 Integrated Pest Management

4.5 Control Methods

5 Damaging Insect and Disease Agents

5.1 Native Diseases of Conifers

5.2 Native Diseases of Hardwoods

5.3 Native Insect Pests of Conifers

5.4 Native Insect Pests of Hardwoods

5.5 Non-native Diseases of Conifers

5.6 Non-native Diseases of Hardwoods

5.7 Non-native Insects

5.8 Non-native Insects of Hardwoods

6 Discussion and Conclusions

7 Research Needs

8 Acknowledgments

9 Literature Cited

10 Tables and Figures

Table 1--Forest type listing with associated pest species

Table 2--Summary of results of the individual forest pest analyses

Figure 1--Location of major forest cover types in the Southern United States

Figure 2--Areas of high, moderate and low hazard for annosus root disease

Figure 3--Brown spot disease range

Figure 4--Incidence of fusiform rust on FIA inventory plots

Figure 5--FIA plots affected with oak decline

Figure 6--Oak wilt occurrence by county

Figure 7--Counties in outbreak status for southern pine beetle

Figure 8--FIA plots with stocking greater than 90 sq.ft. of basal area per acre and a significant pine component

Figure 9--Texas leaf cutting ant occurrence in counties in TX and LA

Figure 10--Incidence of beech bark disease and the range of American beech

Figure 11--Incidence of butternut canker disease and the range of butternut

Figure 12--Incidence of dogwood anthracnose and the range of dogwood

Figure 13--Historical range of littleleaf disease. Counties shown as highly vulnerable have soil and site characteristics that favor littleleaf disease.

Figure 14--Location of spruce-fir type in western North Carolina, eastern Tennessee, and southern Virginia. Balsam wooly adelgid has colonized the entire host range

Figure 15--Counties generally infested by gypsy moth as listed in the Federal Register

Figure 16--Incidence of hemlock woolly adelgid by county superimposed on the range of hemlock

Figure 17--Forest health risk map for the South; a visual representation of risk of future tree mortality

Figure 18--Waters and Ewing 1974 model of a potential IPM system for southern pine beetle control