Delta Fish
 from the station director

 fy-06 accomplishment
 summary

 successes--our major
 accomplishments

   forest values, uses,
   and policies

   threats to forest health

   forest watershed science

   forest ecosystem restoration
   and management

   natural resources inventory
   and monitoring

 appendix--budget and work
 units

   science delivery

   products by research
   work units

   working with our partners

   research work unit directory

   experimental forests

   for more information















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































successes--our major accomplishments
Forest Watershed Science

The management or demise of existing forests can affect both water quality and quantity. Restoration of bottomland hardwoods, riparian forests on agricultural lands, and wetlands can help reestablish ecological functions and connections. The Forest Watershed Science is working to provide landowners, land managers, policy makers, and society with knowledge and technology to generate social, economic, and environmental benefits.

•Forest managers have long recognized the difficulty of regenerating oak seedlings in mature bottomland hardwood stands. Natural regeneration has been unreliable and difficult to predict, hard to encourage with stand management practices, and slow to respond to disturbance. (more...)

•In the Southern Appalachians, headwaters of steams and rivers often originate on national forests, initially draining watersheds only minimally disturbed, and flow into more developed areas where water quality can be degraded by inputs from agriculture and urban development. (more...)

•National Agroforestry Center researchers and science delivery specialists collaborated with partners to develop a 2-CD kit consisting of a Visual Simulation Guide and CanVis, an image-editing software program designed for conservation applications. (more...)

•A massive flood caused a debris flow at the lower end of the Staunton River, in Shenandoah National Park, VA. Post-flood fish surveys revealed that brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, had been completely eliminated from this river section. (more...)

•The carbon (C) stored in the soil represents the largest pool of C in most temperate forest ecosystems. Disturbances such as logging, conversion of forest to other land uses, such as urban or agriculture, and changing climate have the potential to adversely alter soil C pools and cycling processes. (more...)

•Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) has spread to the Southern Appalachian region of western North Carolina, northern Georgia, and southern Virginia. Without treatment, hemlocks typically die within five to seven years after infestation. (more...)

•In 2000, a SRS scientist and university and industry partners established a study in the upper Piedmont of Virginia to evaluate a variety of scenarios to help landowners and forest managers quantify streamside management zone (SMZ) widths and harvest levels that provide the water quality protection desired by society, while minimizing landowner costs. (more...)

•The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is developing a national water quality criterion to monitor selenium levels based on its concentration in fish tissue. Although this approach offers advantages over the current water-based criterion, it also presents implementation challenges. (more...)

•The low-gradient, forested wetlands of the Coastal Plain of the Southeastern United States represent a unique eco-hydrologic system, yet very little information is available on the region’s ecologic, hydrologic, and biogeochemical processes, flooding patterns, hydroperiods, and water and nutrient balances. (more...)

•Managing hardwood forests to yield profitable sawtimber requires the production of high-quality logs. Log quality, expressed as log grade, is a major determinant of the commercial value of hardwood sawtimber. (more...)

•Pondberry (Lindera melissifolia) is a federally listed, endangered, aromatic shrub that grows naturally throughout the Southeastern United States. Published accounts of its life history attributes are few, and quantitative assessments of habitat and physiological requirements are extremely limited. (more...)

•A SRS scientist is working with university partners to measure the effects of beaver dams on water flow in streams on agricultural land. The measurements will be used to develop a mathematical computer model that predicts the impact of beavers on the shape and stability of degraded stream channels on farmland in the Midwestern United States. (more...)

•A SRS researcher developed and published a framework for designing more effective riparian buffers for water quality improvement using the most up-to-date spatial analysis technologies, including global positioning satellites, landscape data, spatially explicit mathematical models, geographic information systems, and digital computer data. (more...)

•Silvopasture systems in the Southeast combine growing widely spaced southern pine trees to produce high value sawlogs with allowing the same land to generate an annual income from grazing livestock in the understory. (more...)

•Management of forests for non-timber products is a critical issue of the 21st century. Increased demand on plant materials harvested from forests, for products other than timber, have caused growing concern among forest managers, stakeholders, and policy makers. (more...)

• Other Significant Accomplishments, Partnership Highlights, Key International Activities, and Awards

Online Products

Adams, S.B. 2005. Katrina: Boon or bust for freshwater fish communities? , Watershed. 2(2): 19-23.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/21962

Addington, R.N.; Donovan, L.A.; Mitchell, R.J.; [and others]. 2006. Adjustments in hydraulic architecture of Pinus palustris maintain similar stomatal conductance in xeric and mesic habitats. Plant, Cell and Environment. 29: 535-545.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25428

Amatya, D.M.; Miwa, M.; Harrison, C.A.; [and others]. 2006. Hydrology and water quality of two first order forested watersheds in coastal South Carolina. In: Proceedings of the 2006 ASABE annual international meeting; Jul 9-12, 2006. 062182. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers: 23.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25347

Amatya, D.M.; Skaggs, R.W.; Blanton, C.D.; Gilliam, J.W. 2006. Hydrologic and water quality effects of harvesting and regeneration of a drained pine forest. In: William, T.M.; Nettles, J., eds. Hydrology and management of forested wetlands: Proceedings of the international conference. 701P0406. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers: 538-551.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/22413

Amatya, D.M.; Skaggs, R.W.; Cheschier, G.M. 2005. Modeling hydrology and in-stream transport on drained forested lands in coastal Carolinas, U.S.A. In: Proceedings of the 25th International School of Hydraulics: Hydraulic and environmental problems in open channel flows in view of water framework directive. Gdansk, Poland: Institute of Hydro-Engineering and the Center of Environmental Engineering and Mechanics: 35-51.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25345

Amatya, D.M.; Skaggs, R.W.; Gilliam, J.W. 2006. Long-term hydrology and water quality of a drained loblolly pine plantation in coastal North Carolina. In: William, T.M.; Nettles, J., eds. Hydrology and management of forested wetlands: Proceedings of the international conference. 701P0406. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers: 12-26.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25350

Amatya, D.M.; Sun, G.; Skaggs, R.W.; [and others]. 2006. Hydrologic effects of global climate change on a large drained pine forest. In: William, T.M.; Nettles, J., eds. Hydrology and management of forested wetlands: Proceedings of the international conference. 701P0406. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers: 383-394.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/22414

Amatya, D.M.; Trettin, C.C.; Skaggs, R.W.; [and others]. 2005. Five hydrologic studies conducted by or in cooperation with the Center for Forested Wetlands Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Res. Tech. Rep. SRS-40. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 24 p.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/21659

Appelboom, T.W.; Cheschier, G.M.; Skaggs, R.W.; [and others]. 2006. Temperature coefficient for modeling denitrification in surface water sediments using the mass transfer coefficient. In: William, T.M.; Nettles, J., eds. Hydrology and management of forested wetlands: Proceedings of the international conference. 701P0406. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agriculture and Biological Engineers: 199-207.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/22420

Barton, C.D.; Marx, D.H.; Adriano, D.C.; [and others]. 2005. Phytostabilization of a landfill containing coal combustion waste. Journal of Economic Entomology. 12(4): 251-265.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/21786

Batzer, D.P.; George, B.M.; Braccia, A. 2005. Aquatic invertebrate responses to timber harvest in a bottomland hardwood wetland of South Carolina. Forest Science. 51(4): 284-291.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25355

Beckage, B.; Lavine, M.; Clark, J.S. 2005. Survival of tree seedlings across space and time: estimates from long-term count data. Journal of Ecology. 93: 1177-1184.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25429

Bentrup, G.; Wells, G. 2005. Picture this. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 60(6): 144A-149A.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/21784

Bolstad, P.V.; Jenks, A.; Riedel, M.S.; Vose, J.M. 2006. Estimating sediment yield in the southern Appalachians using WCS-SED. In: Proceedings of the joint 8th federal interagency sedimentation and 3rd hydrologic modeling conference. Reno, NV: 31.
http://www.srs.fs.fed.us/pubs/25441

Bolstad, P.V.; Vose, J.M. 2005. Forest and pasture carbon pools and soil respiration in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Forest Science. 51(4): 372-383.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25430

Brewer, S.; Rogers, C. 2006. Relationships between prescribed burning and wildfire occurrence and intensity in pine-hardwood forests in north Mississippi, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 15: 203-211.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25287

Brookshire, E.N.J.; Valett, H.M.; Thomas, S.A.; Webster, J.R. 2005. Coupled cycling of dissolved organic nitrogen and carbon in a forest stream. Ecology. 86(9): 2487-2496.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25432

Burcher, C.L.; Benfield, E.F. 2006. Physical and biological responses of streams to suburbanization of historically agriculture watersheds. Journal of the North American Bentholgoical Society. 25(2): 356-369.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25433

Cao, W.; Sun, G.; McNulty, S.G.; [and others]. 2006. Evapotranspiration of a mid-rotation loblolly pine plantation and a recently harvested stand on the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, USA. In: William, T.M.; Nettles, J., eds. Hydrology and management of forested wetlands: Proceedings of the international conference. 701P0406. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers: 27-33.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/22421

Chamberlain, J.L. 2005. Conserving the Appalachian medicinal plant. In: Appalachian opportunities-Medicinal and aromatic plants: Producing, using, and marketing herbs and non-timber forest products, 2005 September 16-17. Conserving the Appalachian medicinal plant Beckley, WV: Mountain State University: 5-16.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/24491

Chambers, J.L.; Conner, W.H.; Keim, R.F.; [and others]. 2006. Towards sustainable management of Louisiana's coastal wetland forests: Problems, constraints, and a new beginning. In: Hydrology and management of forested wetlands, proceedings of the international conference. St. Joseph, Michigan: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers: 150-157.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25288

Chambers, J.L.; Keim, R.F.; Conner, W.H.; [and others]. 2005. Conservation of Louisiana's coastal wetland forests. In: Shupe, T.F.; Dunn, M.A., eds. Proceedings of Louisiana natural resources symposium. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: LSU AgCenter: 117-135.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25290

Cho, S.-H.; Newman, D.H. 2005. Spatial analysis of rural land development. Forest Policy and Economics. 7: 732-744.
http://www.srs.fs.fed.us/pubs/24821

Clark, J.S. 2005. Why environmental scientists are becoming Bayesians. Ecology Letters. 8: 2-14.
http://www.srs.fs.fed.us/pubs/25436

Clark, J.S.; LeDeau, S.; Ibanez, I. 2004. Fecundity of trees and the colonization-competition hypothesis. Ecological Monographs. 74(3): 415-442.
http://www.srs.fs.fed.us/pubs/25437

Clinton, B.D.; Vose, J.M. 2006. Variation in stream water quality in an urban headwater stream in the southern Appalachians. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 169: 331-353.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/21656

Coleman, D.C.; Whitman, W.B. 2005. Linking species richness, biodiversity and ecosystem function in soil systems. Pedobiologia. 49: 479-497.
http://www.srs.fs.fed.us/pubs/25438

Coleman, M.D.; Stanturf, J.A. 2006. Biomass feedstock production systems: Economic and environmental benefits. Biomass and Bioenergy. 30(7-8): 693-695.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/24508

Coleman, M.D.; Tolsted, D.; Nichols, T.; [and others]. 2006. Post-establishment fertilization of Minnesota hybrid poplar plantations. Biomass and Bioenergy. 30(7-8): 740-749.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/24505

Connor, K.F.; Devall, M.S.; Gardiner, E.S.; [and others]. 2006. A study of the early fruit characteristics of pondberry. In: Proceedings of the 13th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 564-568.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/23463

Coombs, S.; Grossman, G.D. 2006. Mechanosensory based orienting behaviors in fluvial and lacustrine populations of mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi). Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology. 39(2): 113-130.
http://www.srs.fs.fed.us/pubs/25439

Coyle, D.R.; Booth, D.C.; Wallace, M.S. 2005. Ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) species, flight, and attack on living eastern cottonwood trees. Journal of Economic Entomology. 98(6): 2049-2057.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/21700

Coyle, D.R.; Coleman, M.D.; Durant, J.A.; Newman, L.A. 2006. Multiple factors affect pest and pathogen damage on 31 Populus clones in South Carolina. Biomass and Bioenergy. 30(7-8): 759-768.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/24507

Coyle, D.R.; Coleman, M.D.; Durant, J.A.; Newman, L.A. 2006. Survival and growth of 31 Populus clones in South Carolina. Biomass and Bioenergy. 30(7-8): 750-758.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/24506

Cross, W.F.; Johnson, B.R.; Wallace, J.B.; Rosemond, A.D. 2005. Contrasting response of stream detritivores to long-term nutrient enrichment. American Society of Limnology Oceanography. 50(6): 1730-1739.
http://www.srs.fs.fed.us/pubs/25440

Cross, W.F.; Wallace, J.B.; Rosemond, A.D.; Eggert, S.L. 2006. Whole-system nutrient enrichment increases secondary production in a detritus-based ecosystem. Ecology. 87(6): 1556-1565.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/2542

Cui, J.; Li, C.; Trettin, C.C. 2005. Analyzing the ecosystem carbon and hydrologic characteristics of forested wetland using a biogeochemical process model. Global Change Biology. 11: 278-289.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/21713

De Steven, D.; Sharitz, R.R.; Singer, J.H.; Barton, C.D. 2006. Testing a passive revegetation approach for restoring coastal plain depression wetlands. Restoration Ecology. 14(3): 452-460.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/24460

DeForest, J.L.; Sun, G.; Noormets, A.; [and others]. 2006. Carbon and water fluxes in a drained coastal clearcut and pine plantation in eastern North Carolina. In: William, T.M.; Nettles, J., eds. Hydrology and management of forested wetlands: Proceedings of the international conference. 701P0406. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers: 587-597.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/22419

Delgado, J.A.; Cox, C.A.; Pierce, F.J.; Dosskey, M.G. 2005. Precision conservation in North America. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 60(6): 340-341.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/24761

Devall, M.S.; Thien, L.B. 2005. Inland occurrence of the strand plant Ipomoea pes-caprae (Convolvulaceae) around Lake Nicaragua. Southwestern Naturalist. 50(3): 381-384.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/21643

Devall, M.S.; Thien, L.B.; Ellgaard, E.; Flowers, G. 2006. Lead transport into Bayou Trepagnier wetlands in Louisiana. Journal of Environmental Quality. 35(3): 758-765.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/22863

Dimov, L.D.; Chambers, J.L.; Lockhart, B.R. 2005. Spatial continuity of tree attributes in bottomland hardwood forests in the southeastern United States. Forest Science. 51(6): 532-540.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/21420

Dimov, L.D.; Stelzer, E.; Wharton, K.; [and others]. 2006. Effects of thinning intensity and crown class on cherrybark oak epicormic branching five years after treatment. In: Connor, K.F., ed. Proceedings of the 13th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 606-610.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/23473

Dobbs, M.M.; Parker, A.J. 2004. Evergreen understory dynamics in Coweeta Forest, North Carolina. Physical Geography. 25(6): 481-498.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25427

Dosskey, M.G.; Eisenhauer, D.E.; Helmers, M.J. 2005. Establishing conservation buffers using precision information. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 60(6): 349-354.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/21452

Elliott, K.J.; Vose, J.M. 2005. Effects of understory prescribed burning on shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) mixed-hardwood forests. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 132(2): 236-251.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/22217

Ellison, A.M.; Bank, M.S.; Clinton, B.D.; [and others]. 2005. Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment. 3(9): 479-486.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/22218

Eppard, H.R.; Horton, J.L.; Nilsen, E.T.; [and others]. 2005. Investigating the allelopathic potential of Kalmia latifolia L. (Ericacceae). Southeastern Naturalist. 4(3): 383-392.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25424

Fernandez, G.P.; Cheschier, G.M.; Skaggs, R.W.; Amatya, D.M. 2006. DRAINMOD-GIS: A lumped parameter watershed scale drainage and water quality model. Agricultural Water Management. 81(6): 77-97.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25358

Ford, W.M.; McCay, T.S.; Menzel, M.A.; [and others]. 2006. Influence of elevation and forest type on community assemblage and species distribution of shrews in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains. In: Merritt, J.F.; Churchfield, S.; Hutterer, R.; Sheftel, B.L. eds. Advances in the biology of shrews II: International colloquium biology of the Soricidae II. Pittsburgh, PA: International Society of Shrew Biologists, Carnegie Museum of Natural History: 303-315.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25267

Fraterrigo, J.M.; Balser, T.C.; Turner, M.G. 2006. Microbial community variation and its relationship with nitrogen mineralization in historically altered forests. Ecology. 87(3): 570-579.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25425

Fraterrigo, J.M.; Turner, M.G.; Pearson, S.M. 2006. Previous land use alters plant allocation and growth in forest herbs. Journal of Ecology. 94: 548-557.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25414

Gao, X.; Olapade, O.A.; Kershner, M.W.; Leff, L.G. 2004. Algal-bacterial co-variation in stream: A cross-stream comparison. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie. 159(2): 253-261.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25415

Gao, X.; Olapade, O.A.; Leff, L.G. 2005. Comparison of benthic bacterial community composition in nine streams. Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 40: 51-60.
http://srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25621

Gardiner, E.S. 2006. Early response of interplanted Nuttall oak to release from an eastern cottonwood overstory. In: Connor, K.F., ed. Proceedings of the 13th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. Asheville, North Carolina: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 611-614.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/23474

Gardiner, E.S.; Yeiser, J.L. 2006. Underplanting cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) seedlings on a bottomland site in the southern United States. New Forests. 32(1): 105-119.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/24925

Gragson, T.L.; Bolstad, P.V. 2006. Land use legacies and the future of southern Appalachia. Society and Natural Resources. 19: 175-190.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25417

Gragson, T.L.; Grove, M. 2006. Introduction: Social science in the context of the long term ecological research program. Society and Natural Resources. 19: 93-100.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/14732

Grossman, G.D.; Ratajczak, R.E., Jr.; Petty, J.T.; [and others]. 2006. Population dynamics of mottled sculpin (Pisces) in a variable environment: information theoretic approaches. Ecological Monographs. 76(2): 217-234.
http://www.srs.fs.fed.us/pubs/25419

Hagen, E.M.; Webster, J.R.; Benfield, E.F. 2006. Are leaf breakdown rates a useful measure of stream integrity along an agricultural land use gradient? , Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 25(2): 330-343.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25420

Hamel, P.B. 2006. Adaptive forest management to improve habitats for cerulean warbler. In: Clark, T., ed. Society of American Foresters 2006 national convention proceedings CD-ROM. Pittsburgh, PA: Society of American Foresters: 1-25.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25297

Hamel, P.B.; Kirkconnell, A. 2005. Composition of mixed-species flocks of migrant and resident birds in Cuba. Cotinga. 24(2005): 28-34.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25318

Hamel, P.B.; Staten, M.; Wishard, R. 2006. Initial cerulean warbler response to experimental silvicultural manipulations, Desha County Arkansas. In: Connor, K.F.; ed. Proceedings of the 13th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen. Tech. Rep SRS-92. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 3-9.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/23257

Hutchens, J.J., Jr.; Wallace, J.B.; Romaniszyn, E.D. 2004. Role of Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. In structuring benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in a southern Appalachian river. Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 23(4): 713-727.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25421

Johnson, B.R.; Cross, W.F.; Wallace, J.B. 2003. Long-term resource limitation reduces insect detritivore growth in a headwater stream. Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 22(4): 565-574.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25422

Johnson, B.R.; Wallace, J.B. 2005. Bottom-up limitation of a stream salamander in a detritus-based food web. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 62: 301-311.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25423

Kabir, M.F.; Leininger, T.D.; Araman, P.A.; Winn, M.F. 2006. Detection of wetwood by ultrasonics. Forest Products Journal. 56(3): 70-74.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/22188

Keim, R., F.; Chambers, J.L.; Hughes, M.S.; [and others]. 2006. Long-term success of stump sprout regeneration in baldcypress. In: Connor, K.F., ed. Proceedings of the 13th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. Asheville, North Carolina: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 559-563.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/23462

Keim, R.F.; Chambers, J.L.; Hughes, M.S.; [and others]. 2006. Ecological consequences of changing hydrological conditions in wetland forests of coastal Louisiana. In: Xu, Y.J.; Singh, V.P., eds. Coastal environment and water quality. Ecological consequences of changing hydrological conditions in wetland forests of coastal Louisiana Highlands Ranch, Colorado: Water Resources Publications, LLC. 383-396.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25325

Kennedy, T.B.; Haag, W.R. 2005. Using morphometrics to identify glochidia from a diverse freshwater mussel community. Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 24(4): 880-889.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/22173

Kilgo, J.C. 2005. Harvest-related edge effects on prey availability and foraging of hooded warblers in a bottomland hardwood forest. The Condor. 107: 627-636.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/21045

Knoepp, J.D.; Reynolds, B.C.; Crossley, D.A.; Swank, W.T. 2005. Long-term changes in forest floor processes in southern Appalachian forests. Forest Ecology and Management. 220: 300-312.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25388

Krauss, K.W.; Twilley, R.R.; Doyle, T.W.; Gardiner, E.S. 2006. Leaf gas exchange characteristics of three neotropical mangrove species in response to varying hydroperiod. Tree Physiology. 26: 959-968.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25332

Lakel, W.A.; Aust, W.M.; Dolloff, C.A.; Easterbrook, A.W. 2005. Soil erosion from harvested sites verus streamside management zone sediment deposition in the Piedmont of Virginia. In: Conner, K.F., ed. Proceedings of the 13th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 400-401.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/23426

Lakel, W.A.; Aust, W.M.; Dolloff, C.A.; Sharp, E.P. 2006. Commercial timber value of streamside management zones in managed pine and hardwood stands. In: Conner, K.F., ed. Proceedings of the 13th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. Asheville, NC: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 407-408.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/23428

Larsen, D.R. 2006. Development of a photogrammetric method of measuring tree taper outside bark. In: Connor, K.F., ed. Proceedings of the13th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 347-350.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/23412

Leigh, D.S.; Webb, P.A. 2006. Holocene erosion, sedimentation, and stratigraphy at Raven Fork, Southern Blue Ridge Mountains, USA. Geomorphology. 78: 161-177.
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/25393

Lockhart, B.R.; Ezell, A.W.; Hodges, J.D.; Clatterbuck, W.K. 2006. Using natural stand development patterns in artificial mixtures: a case study with cherrybark oak and sweetgum in east-central Mississippi, USA. Forest Ecology and Management. 222: 202-210.
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Lockhart, B.R.; Michalek, A.J.; Lowe, M.W. 2006. Epicormic branching in red oak crop trees five years after thinning and fertilization application in a bottomland hardwood stand. In: Connor, K.F., ed. Proceedings of the 13th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. Asheville, North Carolina: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 595-598.
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Lockhart, B.R.; Weih, R.C.; Smith, K.M. 2005. Crown radius and diameter at breast height relationships for six bottomland hardwood species. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science. 59: 110-115.
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Lu, J.; Sun, G.; Amatya, D.M.; [and others]. 2006. Understanding the hydrologic response of a coastal plain watershed to forest management and climate change in South Carolina, U.S.A. In: William, T.M.; Nettles, J., eds. Hydrology and management of forested wetlands: Proceedings of the international conference. 701P0406. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers: 231-239.
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Maier, C.A.; Clinton, B.D. 2006. Relationship between stem CO2 efflux, stem sap velocity and xylem CO2 concentration in young loblolly pine trees. Plant, Cell and Environment. 29: 1471-1483.
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Meadows, J.S.; Leininger, T.D.; Nebeker, T.E. 2006. Thinning to improve growth and bole quality in an Inonotus hispidus-infected, red oak-sweetgum stand in the Mississippi Delta: sixth-year results. In: Connor, K.F., ed. Proceedings of the 13th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 623-629.
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Meadows, J.S.; Skojac, D.A., Jr. 2006. Third-year growth and bole-quality responses to thinning in a late-rotation red oak-sweetgum stand in east Texas. In: Connor, K.F., ed. Proceedings of the 13th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 599-605.
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Mulhouse, J.M.; De Steven, D.; Lide, R.F.; Sharitz, R.R. 2005. Effects of dominant species on vegetation change in Carolina bay wetlands following a multi-year drought. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 132(3): 411-420.
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Olapade, O.A.; Gao, X.; Leff, L.G. 2005. Abundance of three bacterial populations in selected streams. Microbial Ecology. 49: 461-467.
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Post, D.A.; Jones, J.A. 2001. Hydrologic regimes of forested, mountainous, headwater basins in New Hampshire, North Carolina, Oregon, and Puerto Rico. Advances in Water Resources. 24: 1195-1210.
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Price, J.R.; Velbel, M.A. 2003. Chemical weathering indices applied to weathering profiles developed on heterogeneous felsic metamorphic parent rocks. Chemical Geology. 202: 397-416.
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Price, J.R.; Velbel, M.A.; Patino, L.C. 2005. Rates and time scales of clay-mineral formation by weathering in saprolitic regoliths of the southern Appalachians from geochemical mass balance. Geological Society of America. 117(5/6): 783-794.
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Price, J.R.; Velbel, M.A.; Patino, L.C. 2005. Allanite and epidote weathering at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, western North Carolina, U.S.A., American Mineralogist. 90: 101-114.
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Price, K.; Leigh, D.S. 2006. Morphological and sedimentological responses to streams to human impact in the southern Blue Ridge Mountains, USA. Geomorphology. 78: 142-160.
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Rashleigh, B.; Grossman, G.D. 2005. An individual-based simulation model for mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi) in a southern Appalachian stream. Ecological Modelling. 187: 247-258.
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Rebel, K.T.; Riha, S.J.; Seaman, J.C.; Barton, C.D. 2005. The use of dynamic modeling in assessing tritium phytoremediation. Environmental Geosciences. 12(4): 243-250.
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Schweitzer, C.J.; Gardiner, E.S.; Loftis, D.L. 2006. Response of sun-grown and shade-grown northern red oak seedlings to outplanting in clearcuts and shelterwoods in north Alabama. In: Connor, K.F., ed. Proceedings of the 13th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 269 - 274.
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Sharitz, R.R.; Barton, C.D.; De Steven, D. 2006. Tree plantings in depression wetland restorations show mixed success., Ecological Restoration. 24(2): 114-115.
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Shelby, J.D.; Cheschier, G.M.; Skaggs, R.W.; Amatya, D.M. 2006. Hydrologic and water-quality responses of forested and agricultural lands during the 1999 extreme weather conditions in eastern North Carolina. Transactions of ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers). 48(6): 2179-2188.
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Skaggs, R.W.; Amatya, D.M.; Cheschier, G.M.; Blanton, C.D. 2006. Soil property changes during loblolly pine production. In: 2006 ASABE annual international meeting, Jul 9-12, 2006. 068026. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers: 2-12.
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Smith, D.R.; Schiff, N.M. 2005. A new western nearctic species of Calameuta (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 107(4 ): 864-868.
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Sun, G.; Callahan, T.J.; Pyzoha, J.E.; Trettin, C.C. 2006. Modeling the climatic and subsurface stratigraphy controls on the hydrology of a Carolina Bay wetland in South Carolina, USA. Wetlands. 26(2): 567-580.
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Taylor, C.M.; Holder, T.M.; Fiorillo, R.A.; [and others]. 2006. Distribution, abundance, and diversity of stream fishes under variable environmental conditions. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 63: 43-54.
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Thompson, L.C.; Lockhart, B.R. 2006. Effects of silvicultural operations in a Mississippi River bottomland hardwood forest on ground beetles in the genus Brachinus. In: Connor, K.F.; ed. Proceedings of the 13th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 459-463.
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Whiles, M.R.; Wallace, J.B. 1997. Leaf litter decomposition and macroinvertebrate communities in headwater streams draining pine and hardwood catchments. Hydrobiologia. 353: 107-119.
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Worrall, F.; Swank, W.T.; Burt, T. 2005. Fluxes of inorganic carbon from two forested catchments in the Appalachian Mountains. Hydrological Processes. 19: 3021-3035.
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Wu, J.; Li, H. 2006. Perspectives and methods of scaling. In: Wu, J.; Jones, K.B.; Li, H.; Loucks, O.L. Scaling and uncertainty analysis in ecology: Methods and applications. Netherlands: Springer. 17-42. Chapter 2.
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Wu, J.; Li, H. 2006. Uncertainty analysis in ecological studies: An overview. In: Wu, J.; Jones, K.B.; Li, H.; Loucks, O.L. Scaling and uncertainty analysis in ecology: Methods and applications. Uncertainty and error analysis in ecological studies: An overview Netherlands: Springer. 43-64. Chapter 3.
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Wu, J.; Li, H.; Jones, K.B.; Loucks, O.L. 2006. Scaling with known uncertainty: A synthesis. In: Wu, J.; Jones, K.B.; Li, H.; Loucks, O.L. Scaling and uncertainty analysis in ecology: Methods and applications. Scaling with known uncertainty: A synthesis Netherlands: Springer. 329-346. Chapter 18.
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Wyckoff, P.H.; Clark, J.S. 2005. Tree growth prediction using size and exposed crown area. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 35: 13-20.
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Zhang, J.; Cregg, B.M. 2005. Growth and physiological responses to varied environments among populations of Pinus ponderosa. Forest Ecology and Management. 219: 1-12.
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