How Do You Rate This Publication?
| Title: | The interrelationships of three gall makers and their natural enemies, on hackberry (Celtis Occidentalis L.) |
|---|---|
| Author(s): | Moser, John C. |
| Date: | 1965 |
| Source: | New York State Museum and Science Service, Bulletin Number 402. 95 p. |
| Description: |
This bulletin describes three hackberry galls, the insects which make them, and 19 of their natural enemies in the Cayuga Valley near Ithaca, N.Y. Two galls were caused by psyllids and the third by a cecidomyiid. The taxonomy, biology, morphology, and distribution of the species are discussed. Fourteen natural enemies attacked the psyllid gall makers, and five fed on the cecidomyiid gall maker. However, no cecidomyiid parasites were found in psyllid galls, nor were natural enemies of psyllids located in cecidomyiid galls. Whereas most natural enemies attacked only gall makers, three were normally parasites of lepidopterous leaf miners of hackberry, and two fed on a wide range of insects other than those associated with hackberry. At least three parasites of the psyllid complex were secondary; two were specific to a single primary parasite, and the other fed on all primary parasites as well as the gall makers. Two natural enemies fed only on psyllid galls, but always killed the gall makers while feeding. Some parasites of psyllids fed on the gall after consuming the insects. One of the psyllid gall makers often incorporated itself in the larger gall of the other psyllid, a condition termed marginal gall. Parasites found in marginal galls were always the same as those found in the large galls, which is considered to be evidence that certain parasites were attracted not by host nymphs, but by the gall. Some primary parasites were more abundant than the others. Those whose larvae immediately fed on gall makers were more successful than other primary parasites, whose larvae began feeding after a period, of time. One new genus and four new species are described and methods of statistical separation are given for two closely related parasites. |
 |
View and Print this Publication (7.88 MB) |
| Pristine Version: | An uncaptured or "pristine" version of this publication is available. It has not been subjected to OCR (Optical Character Recognition) and therefore does not have any errors in the text. However it is a larger file size and some people may experience long download times. The "pristine" version of this publication is available here: View and Print the PRISTINE copy of this Publication (7.56 MB) | Publication Notes: |
We recommend that you also print this page and attach it to the printout of the article, to retain the full citation information.
This article was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and is therefore in the public domain. Our on-line publications are scanned and captured using Adobe Acrobat. During the capture process some typographical errors may occur. Please contact the SRS Webmaster, srswebmaster@fs.fed.us if you notice any errors which make this publication unuseable. |
![[ Get Acrobat ]](/images/getacro.gif){kind=small} |
Get the latest version of the Adobe Acrobat reader or Acrobat Reader for Windows with Search and Accessibility |